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11. 发明授权

US5719911A System for monitoring noble metal distribution in reactor circuit during plant application 失效
标题翻译：在工厂应用中监测电抗器电路中的贵金属分布的系统
公开(公告)号：US5719911A
公开(公告)日：1998-02-17
申请号：US791369
申请日：1997-01-30
申请人： Samson Hettiarachchi , Robert Lee Cowan, II , Robert James Law , Thomas Pompilio Diaz
发明人： Samson Hettiarachchi , Robert Lee Cowan, II , Robert James Law , Thomas Pompilio Diaz
IPC分类号： B01J37/03 , C23F11/08 , C23F11/18 , G01N17/02 , G21C3/07 , G21C17/02 , G21C17/022 , G21C19/28 , G21C19/30 , G21C19/307 , G21C17/00 , G01N27/26
CPC分类号： B01J37/031 , C23F11/08 , C23F11/18 , C23F15/00 , G01N17/02 , G21C17/02 , G21C17/022 , G21C17/0225 , G21C19/28 , G21C19/30 , G21C19/307 , G21C3/07 , G21Y2002/102 , G21Y2002/103 , G21Y2002/104 , G21Y2002/204 , G21Y2004/10 , G21Y2004/20 , G21Y2004/30 , G21Y2004/40 , Y02E30/40
摘要： A system for ensuring the distribution of noble metal in the reactor circuit during plant application without measuring the reactor water for noble metal content by chemical analysis. The system performs the measurement of electrochemical corrosion potential in an autoclave or a high-flow test section that is connected to the reactor water circuit through sample lines downstream of the injection port, preferably the point in the reactor circuit which is furthest from the injection port. If the noble metal flows into the autoclave or test section at these distant points in the reactor circuit, then the noble metal will deposit on the test specimens inside the autoclave or test section. After the noble metal has been injected for a predetermined duration, the electrochemical corrosion potential autoclave or test section is exposed to hydrogen water chemistry conditions and the electrochemical corrosion potentials of the specimens inside the autoclave or test section will be measured to determine the extent of their catalytic response. A good catalytic response indicates that the noble metal has reached the locations upstream where electrochemical corrosion potential is being measured.
摘要翻译：一种用于确保在植物施用期间在反应器回路中分布贵金属的系统，而不通过化学分析测量贵金属含量的反应器水。该系统在高压灭菌器或高流量测试部分中进行电化学腐蚀电位的测量，该高压灭菌器或高流量测试部分通过注入口下游的采样管线连接到反应器水回路，优选地在反应器电路中与注射端口最远的点。如果贵金属在反应器电路中的这些远处流入高压釜或试验部分，则贵金属将沉积在高压釜或试验部分内的试样上。在将贵金属注入预定时间后，将电化学腐蚀潜力的高压釜或试验部分暴露于氢水化学条件下，并测量高压釜或试验部分内的试样的电化学腐蚀电位，以确定它们的程度催化反应。良好的催化反应表明贵金属已经到达测量电化学腐蚀电位的上游位置。

12. 发明授权

US5625656A Method for monitoring noble metal distribution in reactor circuit during plant application 失效
标题翻译：在工厂应用中监测电抗器电路中贵金属分布的方法
公开(公告)号：US5625656A
公开(公告)日：1997-04-29
申请号：US482243
申请日：1995-06-07
申请人： Samson Hettiarachchi , Robert L. Cowan, II , Robert J. Law , Thomas P. Diaz
发明人： Samson Hettiarachchi , Robert L. Cowan, II , Robert J. Law , Thomas P. Diaz
IPC分类号： B01J37/03 , C23F11/08 , C23F11/18 , G01N17/02 , G21C3/07 , G21C17/02 , G21C17/022 , G21C19/28 , G21C19/30 , G21C19/307
CPC分类号： B01J37/031 , C23F11/08 , C23F11/18 , C23F15/00 , G01N17/02 , G21C17/02 , G21C17/022 , G21C17/0225 , G21C19/28 , G21C19/30 , G21C19/307 , G21C3/07 , G21Y2002/102 , G21Y2002/103 , G21Y2002/104 , G21Y2002/204 , G21Y2004/10 , G21Y2004/20 , G21Y2004/30 , G21Y2004/40 , Y02E30/40
摘要： A method for ensuring the distribution of noble metal in the reactor circuit during plant application without measuring the reactor water for noble metal content by chemical analysis. The method involves the measurement of electrochemical corrosion potential in an autoclave or a high-flow test section that is connected to the reactor water circuit through sample lines downstream of the injection port, preferably the point in the reactor circuit which is furthest from the injection port. If the noble metal flows into the autoclave or test section at these distant points in the reactor circuit, then the noble metal will deposit on the test specimens inside the autoclave or test section. After the noble metal has been injected for a predetermined duration, the electrochemical corrosion potential autoclave or test section is exposed to hydrogen water chemistry conditions and the electrochemical corrosion potentials of the specimens inside the autoclave or test section will be measured to determine the extent of their catalytic response. A good catalytic response indicates that the noble metal has reached the locations upstream where electrochemical corrosion potential is being measured.
摘要翻译：一种用于确保在植物施用期间在反应器回路中分布贵金属的方法，而不通过化学分析测量贵金属含量的反应器水。该方法包括在高压灭菌器或高流量测试部分中测量电化学腐蚀电位，该高压灭菌器或高流量试验部分通过注入口下游的取样管线连接到反应器水回路，优选地在反应器电路中与注射端口最远的点。如果贵金属在反应器电路中的这些远处流入高压釜或试验部分，则贵金属将沉积在高压釜或试验部分内的试样上。在将贵金属注入预定时间后，将电化学腐蚀潜力的高压釜或试验部分暴露于氢水化学条件下，并测量高压釜或试验部分内的试样的电化学腐蚀电位，以确定它们的程度催化反应。良好的催化反应表明贵金属已经到达测量电化学腐蚀电位的上游位置。

13. 发明授权

US5238553A Reference electrode assembly and process for constructing 失效
标题翻译：参考电极组件及其构造工艺
公开(公告)号：US5238553A
公开(公告)日：1993-08-24
申请号：US881157
申请日：1992-05-11
申请人： Samson Hettiarachchi , Herking Song , Digby D. Macdonald
发明人： Samson Hettiarachchi , Herking Song , Digby D. Macdonald
IPC分类号： G01N27/30
CPC分类号： G01N27/301
摘要： A reference electrode for use in measuring electrochemical corrosion potential and pH of, for example, water in a drum boiler at supercritical temperatures and which is corrosive includes an alumina or zirconia tube which is packed with a bulk solid electrolyte. The electrolyte consists of a mixture of silver chloride and glass in an optimally 2 to 4 weight ratio or glass particles with silver chloride precipitated around each particle. A solidified silver chloride electrode interfaces with the bulk electrolyte and has embedded in it a conductive silver electrode which provides the electrical contact. Use of the foregoing provides an immobilized solid electrolyte which displays stability and integrity as the temperature and pressure cycles between extremes.
摘要翻译：用于测量超临界温度下的鼓式锅炉中的电化学腐蚀电位和pH的参考电极，其具有腐蚀性，包括填充有大量固体电解质的氧化铝或氧化锆管。电解质由氯化银和玻璃的混合物组成，最佳为2至4重量比，或者每个颗粒周围沉积有氯化银的玻璃颗粒。固化的氯化银电极与本体电解质接合并嵌入其中提供电接触的导电银电极。使用前述提供固定的固体电解质，其显示出极端之间的温度和压力循环的稳定性和完整性。

14. 发明授权

US09533270B2 Passive injection of a chemical solution into a process stream 有权
标题翻译：将化学溶液无源注入工艺流
公开(公告)号：US09533270B2
公开(公告)日：2017-01-03
申请号：US14298191
申请日：2014-06-06
申请人： Robert James Law , Robert L Cowan , Thomas P Diaz , Samson Hettiarachchi
发明人： Robert James Law , Robert L Cowan , Thomas P Diaz , Samson Hettiarachchi
IPC分类号： B01F15/04 , B01F5/04 , G05D11/00 , F16K11/00
CPC分类号： B01F15/0412 , B01F5/0495 , F16K19/003 , G05D11/006 , Y10T137/2218
摘要： A system and method of injecting a chemical into a high pressure process stream without pumps or other active components. The system utilizes the differential pressure created by resistive losses of downstream components within a high pressure process stream. A bypass side stream is taken from an upstream pressure location and returned to the downstream side of the resistive inline process component. The chemical solution vessel is pressurized by the higher side of the pressure differential. The solution then passes through a flow controlling capillary tube exiting on the lower pressure differential side into the bypass stream. The high flow rate chemically diluted bypass stream then returns to the process stream at the lower differential process stream tie-in. The chemical solution is isolated from the process water pressuring the vessel by a movable separating device preventing mixing of the two fluids. The vessel can also be pressurized by gas.
摘要翻译：将化学品注入高压工艺流而不使用泵或其他活性组分的系统和方法。该系统利用由高压工艺流中的下游部件的电阻损耗产生的压差。旁路侧流从上游压力位置获取，并返回到电阻内联过程组件的下游侧。化学溶液容器由压力差的较高侧加压。然后溶液通过从低压差侧出来的流动控制毛细管进入旁路流。然后，高流量化学稀释的旁路流在较低的差分过程流束缚下返回到过程流。化学溶液是通过可移动的分离装置从加工水中分离出来的，以防止两种流体的混合。容器也可以用气体加压。

15. 发明授权

US08048192B2 Method of manufacturing nanoparticles 有权
标题翻译：制造纳米粒子的方法
公开(公告)号：US08048192B2
公开(公告)日：2011-11-01
申请号：US11320707
申请日：2005-12-30
申请人： Thomas Pompilio Diaz , Samson Hettiarachchi , Peter Louis Andresen , Young Jin Kim
发明人： Thomas Pompilio Diaz , Samson Hettiarachchi , Peter Louis Andresen , Young Jin Kim
IPC分类号： B22F1/00
CPC分类号： B01J23/42 , B01J8/20 , B01J8/382 , B01J8/388 , B01J19/0086 , B01J35/0013 , B01J37/0221 , B01J37/033 , B01J37/342 , B01J2208/00212 , B01J2208/003 , B22F1/0018 , B22F9/30 , B22F2998/00 , B82Y30/00 , Y10S977/773 , B22F1/0022 , B22F2203/11 , B22F2203/13 , B22F1/0014
摘要： Provided are methods and systems for generating nanoparticles from an inorganic precursor compound using a hydrothermal process within at least one CSTR or PFR maintained at an elevated temperature and an elevated pressure and a treatment vessel in which this reaction solution can be applied to one or more catalyst substrates. In operation, the reaction solution may be maintained within the CSTR at a substantially constant concentration and within a reaction temperature range for a reaction period sufficient to obtain nanoparticles having a desired average particle size of, for example, less than 10 nm formation and/or deposition. Variations of the basic method and system can provide, for example, the generation of complex particle size distribution profiles, the selective deposition of a multi-modal particle size distribution on a single substrate.
摘要翻译：提供了使用在保持在升高的温度和升高的压力下的至少一个CSTR或PFR中的水热法从无机前体化合物产生纳米颗粒的方法和系统，以及处理容器，其中该反应溶液可以应用于一种或多种催化剂底物。在操作中，反应溶液可以以基本上恒定的浓度保持在CSTR内并且在反应温度范围内，反应时间足以获得具有例如小于10nm形成的所需平均粒度的纳米颗粒和/或沉积基本方法和系统的变化可以提供例如复合粒度分布曲线的产生，在单个基底上选择性沉积多模态粒度分布。

16. 发明申请

US20100246745A1 Methods for operating and methods for reducing post-shutdown radiation levels of nuclear reactors 审中-公开
标题翻译：降低核反应堆停堆后辐射水平的方法和方法
公开(公告)号：US20100246745A1
公开(公告)日：2010-09-30
申请号：US11647432
申请日：2006-12-29
申请人： Samson Hettiarachchi , Juan Alberto Varela , Thomas Pompilio Diaz
发明人： Samson Hettiarachchi , Juan Alberto Varela , Thomas Pompilio Diaz
IPC分类号： G21C19/307
CPC分类号： G21C19/28 , G21F9/28
摘要： A method for operating a nuclear reactor may include adding one or more chemicals to water in the reactor prior to reactor shutdown, during reactor shutdown, or prior to and during reactor shutdown. The one or more chemicals may trigger release of one or more radioactive substances from at least one out-of-core surface of the reactor into the reactor water. A method for reducing post-shutdown radiation levels of a nuclear reactor may include adding one or more chemicals to water in the reactor prior to reactor shutdown, during reactor shutdown, or prior to and during reactor shutdown. The one or more chemicals may include, for example, one or more metals, metal ions, metal compounds, metals and metal ions, metals and metal compounds, metal ions and metal compounds, or metals, metal ions, and metal compounds.
摘要翻译：用于操作核反应堆的方法可以包括在反应堆关闭之前，在反应堆关闭期间，或者在反应堆关闭之前和期间，在反应器中向水中加入一种或多种化学品。一种或多种化学物质可能引发一种或多种放射性物质从反应器的至少一个外核表面释放到反应器水中。减少核反应堆的停堆后辐射水平的方法可以包括在反应堆关闭之前，在反应器关闭期间，或在反应堆停堆之前和期间，在反应器中向水中加入一种或多种化学物质。一种或多种化学品可以包括例如一种或多种金属，金属离子，金属化合物，金属和金属离子，金属和金属化合物，金属离子和金属化合物，或金属，金属离子和金属化合物。

17. 发明授权

US5883311A Methods and apparatus for detection of crack initiation 失效
标题翻译：用于检测裂纹发生的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5883311A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-16
申请号：US667711
申请日：1996-06-21
申请人： Samson Hettiarachchi , Gary Paul Wozadlo
发明人： Samson Hettiarachchi , Gary Paul Wozadlo
IPC分类号： G01N3/00 , G01N3/02 , G01N3/06 , G01N3/32 , G01N19/08
CPC分类号： G01N17/006 , G01N17/02 , G01N3/066 , G01N3/32 , G01N2203/0064 , G01N2203/0218 , G01N2203/0222 , G01N2203/024 , G01N2203/0244 , G01N2203/0246
摘要： Methods and apparatus for detecting the onset of stress corrosion cracking are described. In one aspect, the present invention is a passive detector for in-situ detection of the onset of stress corrosion cracking in a nuclear reactor. The detector includes a ceramic insulator mounting member. A first material sample and a second material sample are secured to the mounting member. In the one embodiment, a metal bolt extends through the first and second material samples and secures the samples to the mounting member. The first material sample is cold worked to induce residual tensile stress and the second material is not cold worked. A first electrical conductor is electrically connected to the first material sample and a second electrical conductor is electrically connected to the second material sample. An electrometer is electrically connected to the first and second electrical conductors, and the electrometer is configured to generate a strain induced differential potential signal representative of a difference in potential between the first sample and the second sample. Alternatively, a strain induced differential current signal can be monitored using a zero resistance ammeter in place of the electrometer. The detector configured to be located within the reactor at the location where monitoring is desired, and during the reactor operation, if transients are observed in the differential signal, this condition indicates that at the location of the detector, an inspection should be performed at the next outage to determine whether cracking is occurring. Active detectors, detection methods, and test apparatus also are described.
摘要翻译：描述了用于检测应力腐蚀开裂发生的方法和装置。一方面，本发明是用于在核反应堆中原位检测应力腐蚀开裂的无源检测器。检测器包括陶瓷绝缘体安装构件。第一材料样品和第二材料样品固定到安装构件。在一个实施例中，金属螺栓延伸穿过第一和第二材料样品并将样品固定到安装构件。第一种材料样品被冷加工以引起残余拉伸应力，第二种材料不被冷加工。第一电导体电连接到第一材料样品，第二电导体与第二材料样品电连接。静电计电连接到第一和第二电导体，并且静电计被配置为产生代表第一样品和第二样品之间的电位差的应变感应差分电位信号。或者，可以使用零电阻电流表代替静电计来监测应变感应差动电流信号。检测器被配置为位于反应器内需要监测的位置处，并且在电抗器操作期间，如果在差动信号中观察到瞬变，则该条件指示在检测器的位置处应该在下一次断电以确定是否发生裂纹。还描述了主动检测器，检测方法和测试装置。

18. 发明授权

US5774516A Modification of oxide film electrical conductivity to maintain low corrosion potential in high-temperature water 失效
标题翻译：修改氧化膜电导率，以保持高温水中的低腐蚀潜力
公开(公告)号：US5774516A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-30
申请号：US698178
申请日：1996-08-15
申请人： Samson Hettiarachchi , Young J. Kim , Peter L. Andresen , Thomas P. Diaz
发明人： Samson Hettiarachchi , Young J. Kim , Peter L. Andresen , Thomas P. Diaz
IPC分类号： G21D1/00 , B01J37/03 , C23C8/80 , C23C12/00 , C23F11/08 , C23F11/18 , G01N17/02 , G21C17/02 , G21C17/022 , G21C19/28 , G21C19/30 , G21C19/307 , G21C9/00
CPC分类号： G21C17/0225 , B01J37/031 , C23C12/00 , C23C8/80 , C23F11/08 , C23F11/18 , G01N17/02 , G21C17/02 , G21C19/28 , G21C19/30 , G21C19/307 , G21C17/022 , G21Y2002/102 , G21Y2002/103 , G21Y2002/104 , G21Y2002/201 , G21Y2002/204 , G21Y2004/10 , G21Y2004/101 , G21Y2004/20 , G21Y2004/30 , G21Y2004/302 , G21Y2004/40
摘要： A method for mitigating general corrosion and crack initiation and growth on the surface of a metal components in a water-cooled nuclear reactor. A compound containing a non-noble metal such as zirconium or titanium is injected into the water of the reactor in the form of a solution or suspension. This compound decomposes under reactor thermal conditions to release ions or atoms of the non-noble metal which incorporate in the surfaces of the components, including the interior surfaces of any cracks formed therein. The preferred compounds are zirconium compounds such as zirconium acetylacetonate, zirconium nitrate and zirconyl nitrate. Zirconium incorporated in the oxided surface of a metal component will reduce the electrochemical corrosion potential at the surface to a level below the critical potential to protect against intergranular stress corrosion cracking without the addition of hydrogen.
摘要翻译：一种减轻水冷核反应堆中金属组分表面的一般腐蚀和裂纹开始和生长的方法。含有非贵金属如锆或钛的化合物以溶液或悬浮液的形式注入反应器的水中。该化合物在反应器热条件下分解以释放非贵金属的离子或原子，其结合在组分的表面中，包括其中形成的任何裂纹的内表面。优选的化合物是锆化合物，例如乙酰丙酮酸锆，硝酸锆和硝酸氧锆。结合在金属部件的氧化表面中的锆将使表面处的电化学腐蚀电位降低到低于临界电位的水平，以防止在不加氢的情况下防止晶间应力腐蚀开裂。

19. 发明授权

US5608766A Co-deposition of palladium during oxide film growth in high-temperature water to mitigate stress corrosion cracking 失效
标题翻译：在高温水中氧化膜生长期间钯的共沉积以减轻应力腐蚀开裂
公开(公告)号：US5608766A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-04
申请号：US322253
申请日：1994-10-13
申请人： Peter L. Andresen , Samson Hettiarachchi , Young J. Kim , Thomas P. Diaz
发明人： Peter L. Andresen , Samson Hettiarachchi , Young J. Kim , Thomas P. Diaz
IPC分类号： G21D1/00 , B01J37/03 , C23C8/80 , C23C12/00 , C23F11/08 , C23F11/18 , G01N17/02 , G21C17/02 , G21C17/022 , G21C19/28 , G21C19/30 , G21C19/307 , G21D3/08 , G21C9/00
CPC分类号： G21C17/0225 , B01J37/031 , C23C12/00 , C23C8/80 , C23F11/08 , C23F11/18 , G01N17/02 , G21C17/02 , G21C19/28 , G21C19/30 , G21C19/307 , G21C17/022 , G21Y2002/102 , G21Y2002/103 , G21Y2002/104 , G21Y2002/201 , G21Y2002/204 , G21Y2004/10 , G21Y2004/101 , G21Y2004/20 , G21Y2004/30 , G21Y2004/302 , G21Y2004/40
摘要： A method for improving the performance and longevity of coatings of metal deposited from aqueous solutions of inorganic, organic or oraganometallic metal compounds. The method involves co-deposition of noble metal or corrosion-inhibiting non-noble metal during growth of oxide film on a component made of alloy, e.g., stainless steels and nickel-based alloys. The result is a metal-doped oxide film having a relatively longer life in the reactor operating environment. In particular, incorporation of palladium into the film provides greatly increased catalytic life as compared to palladium coatings which lie on the oxide surface.
摘要翻译：一种改善由无机，有机或金属金属化合物的水溶液沉积的金属涂层的性能和寿命的方法。该方法包括在由诸如不锈钢和镍基合金的合金制成的部件上氧化膜生长期间共沉积贵金属或腐蚀抑制非贵金属。结果是在反应器操作环境中具有相对较长寿命的金属掺杂氧化物膜。特别地，与位于氧化物表面上的钯涂层相比，将钯引入膜中提供了大大增加的催化寿命。

20. 发明授权

US5571394A Monolithic sensor switch for detecting presence of stoichiometric H.sub.2 /O.sub.2 ratio in boiling water reactor circuit 失效
标题翻译：用于检测沸水反应器电路中化学计量H2 / O2比率的单片传感器开关
公开(公告)号：US5571394A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-05
申请号：US437269
申请日：1995-05-08
申请人： Samson Hettiarachchi , Maurice E. Indig , Robert J. Law
发明人： Samson Hettiarachchi , Maurice E. Indig , Robert J. Law
IPC分类号： G01N27/30 , G01N27/403 , G01N27/26
CPC分类号： G01N27/4035
摘要： An electrode probe for measuring the electrochemical potential of a surface at a location of interest in a boiling water reactor. The probe has a monolithic sensor configuration built into a single stainless steel mineral insulated (MI) cable. This monolithic sensor can be used as a switch to detect when the appropriate concentration of dissolved hydrogen required to provide IGSCC mitigation is present at any location inside the reactor. Using the sensor switch, it is possible to in situ instantly determine the minimum hydrogen level required to reach the IGSCC protection potential. The sensor configuration consists of a metal/metal oxide/ZrO.sub.2 sensor and a noble metal sensor in a combination wherein the outer sheath of a mineral insulated cable acts as the conductor for the noble metal and the central conductor of the MI cable acts as the conductor for the metal/metal oxide/ZrO.sub.2. The metal/metal oxide/ZrO.sub.2 sensor acts as a reference electrode in the BWR environment (i.e., at constant pH) and the noble metal sensor acts as a hydrogen electrode which responds to the dissolved hydrogen content in the BWR water.
摘要翻译：用于测量沸水反应器中感兴趣位置处的表面的电化学势的电极探针。探头具有内置在单个不锈钢矿物绝缘（MI）电缆中的单片传感器配置。该单片传感器可以用作开关，以检测在反应器内部的任何位置处是否存在提供IGSCC缓解所需的适当的溶解氢浓度。使用传感器开关，可以即时确定达到IGSCC保护电位所需的最低氢气水平。传感器配置由金属/金属氧化物/ ZrO2传感器和贵金属传感器组成，其中矿物绝缘电缆的外护套用作贵金属的导体，并且MI电缆的中心导体用作导体用于金属/金属氧化物/ ZrO 2。金属/金属氧化物/ ZrO 2传感器用作BWR环境中的参比电极（即，在恒定pH下），贵金属传感器用作响应于BWR水中溶解的氢含量的氢电极。

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