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    • 14. 发明授权
    • Method for operating a self-igniting internal combustion engine and corresponding control device
    • 操作自燃式内燃机及相应控制装置的方法
    • US07778762B2
    • 2010-08-17
    • US12399917
    • 2009-03-06
    • Axel LoefflerWolfgang FischerRoland KarrelmeyerGerald Graf
    • Axel LoefflerWolfgang FischerRoland KarrelmeyerGerald Graf
    • F02M51/00F02D41/30
    • F02D41/403F02D35/023F02D35/028F02D41/0002F02D41/0047F02D41/006F02D41/3035F02D2041/001F02D2200/025Y02T10/42Y02T10/44Y02T10/47
    • Operating a self-igniting internal combustion engine includes: specifying a setpoint combustion position and a setpoint combustion noise feature; operating at least one cylinder of internal combustion engine for at least one cycle while maintaining a first injector control variable and/or an air valve control variable and a second injector control variable and/or a second air valve control variable; ascertaining actual combustion position and actual combustion noise feature of the at least one cylinder; comparing the actual combustion position to the setpoint combustion position and, in case the actual combustion position deviates from the setpoint combustion position, determining anew the first injector control variable and/or the air valve control variable; and comparing the actual combustion noise feature to the setpoint combustion noise feature and, in case the actual combustion noise feature deviates from the setpoint combustion noise feature, determining anew the second injector control variable and/or the air valve control variable.
    • 操作自点燃的内燃机包括:指定设定点燃烧位置和设定点燃烧噪声特征; 在保持第一喷射器控制变量和/或空气阀控制变量和第二喷射器控制变量和/或第二空气阀控制变量的同时,操作至少一个内燃机气缸至少一个循环; 确定所述至少一个气缸的实际燃烧位置和实际燃烧噪声特征; 将实际燃烧位置与设定点燃烧位置进行比较,并且在实际燃烧位置偏离设定点燃烧位置的情况下,重新确定第一喷射器控制变量和/或空气阀控制变量; 并且将实际燃烧噪声特征与设定点燃烧噪声特征进行比较,并且在实际燃烧噪声特征偏离设定点燃烧噪声特征的情况下,重新确定第二喷射器控制变量和/或空气阀控制变量。
    • 17. 发明授权
    • Process for preparing allophanate-containing actinically curable polyurethane prepolymers with increased resistance
    • 制备具有增加电阻的含有脲基甲酸酯的光固化型聚氨酯预聚物的方法
    • US07700662B2
    • 2010-04-20
    • US11731592
    • 2007-03-30
    • Michael LudewigJan WeikardNicolas StoeckelWolfgang Fischer
    • Michael LudewigJan WeikardNicolas StoeckelWolfgang Fischer
    • C07C275/60C07C269/00C07C271/62C07C273/00C08L75/14C08L75/16C08G18/42C08G18/44C08G18/48C08G18/67
    • C08G18/672C08G18/6633C08G18/7837C08G18/8175C09D175/16
    • The present invention relates to a process for preparing low-viscosity, allophanate-containing and NCO-free polyurethane prepolymers curable by actinic radiation, and to the products obtainable by this process. The prepolymers have residual monomer contents of less than 0.5% by weight and an NCO content of less than 1% by weight, and are prepared by a process in which A) diisocyanates, B) hydroxy-functional compounds containing groups which react with ethylenically unsaturated compounds on exposure to actinic radiation, and C) polyester, polyether or polycarbonate polyols having a functionality of at least 1.9 and a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of at least 1000 g/mol, D) optionally in the presence of a catalyst, are reacted to form NCO-group-containing prepolymers having radiation-curing groups, which are subsequently reacted E) optionally after addition of monofunctional isocyanates in the presence F) of an allophanatization catalyst to give allophanate-containing prepolymers, the ratio of NCO groups of the compounds from A) to the OH groups of the compounds from B) and C) being 1.45:1.0 to 1.1:1.0 and the ratio of the OH groups from B) to the OH groups from C) being 8.0:1 to 1.5:1.
    • 本发明涉及一种制备可通过光化辐射固化的低粘度,含有脲基甲酸酯和不含NCO的聚氨酯预聚物和通过该方法获得的产品的方法。 预聚物的残留单体含量小于0.5重量%,NCO含量小于1重量%,并且通过以下方法制备:A)二异氰酸酯,B)含有与烯属不饱和基团反应的基团的羟基官能化合物 化合物暴露于光化辐射,以及C)官能度为至少1.9,数均分子量(Mn)至少为1000g / mol的聚酯,聚醚或聚碳酸酯多元醇,D)任选地在催化剂存在下 反应形成具有放射线固化基团的含有NCO基团的预聚物,其随后反应E)任选地在加入单官能异氰酸酯的情况下,在脲基化催化剂存在下,得到含脲基甲酸酯的预聚物,NCO基团 的来自A)的化合物与来自B)和C)的化合物的OH基团的摩尔比为C:1.45:1.0至1.1:1.0,并且B)中的OH基与C)中的OH基团的比例为8.0:1至1.5 :1。