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11. 发明授权

US08310957B1 Minimum-cost spanning trees of unicast tunnels for multicast distribution 有权
标题翻译：用于组播分发的单播隧道的最小成本生成树
公开(公告)号：US08310957B1
公开(公告)日：2012-11-13
申请号：US12720445
申请日：2010-03-09
申请人： Yakov Rekhter
发明人： Yakov Rekhter
IPC分类号： H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L45/16 , H04L12/4641 , H04L45/48 , H04L45/50
摘要： A router determines a graph of unicast tunnels that connect a set of edge routers that will distribute multicast traffic in a network, wherein the graph comprises vertices and edges connecting one or more vertex pairs. The router calculates a minimum-cost spanning tree for the graph based on edge metric values, wherein the minimum-cost spanning tree includes the graph vertices and a selected subset of the graph edges, and wherein the minimum-cost spanning tree includes a first vertex that represents an ingress one of the set of edge routers for the multicast traffic and a second vertex that shares one of the edges with a third one of the vertices other than the first vertex representing the ingress edge router. The router then establishes an MPLS-based multicast distribution tree based on the calculated minimum-cost spanning tree to distribute the multicast traffic from the ingress router to the edge routers.
摘要翻译：路由器确定连接一组将在网络中分发多播流量的边缘路由器的单播隧道的图，其中该图包括连接一个或多个顶点对的顶点和边。路由器基于边缘度量值计算图形的最小成本生成树，其中最小成本生成树包括图形顶点和图形边缘的选定子集，并且其中最小成本生成树包括第一顶点其表示用于组播业务的一组边缘路由器中的一个入口，以及与代表入口边缘路由器的第一顶点之外的第三个顶点共享边缘之一的第二顶点。然后路由器基于计算的最小生成树建立基于MPLS的组播分发树，以将来自入口路由器的组播流量分配给边缘路由器。

12. 发明授权

US08160076B1 Auto-discovery of multicast virtual private networks 有权
标题翻译：组播虚拟专用网络的自动发现
公开(公告)号：US08160076B1
公开(公告)日：2012-04-17
申请号：US11213640
申请日：2005-08-26
申请人： Rahul Aggarwal , Yakov Rekhter
发明人： Rahul Aggarwal , Yakov Rekhter
IPC分类号： H04L12/28 , H04L12/56 , G06F15/173
CPC分类号： H04L12/4641 , H04L12/18 , H04L12/1886
摘要： Principles of the invention are described for providing multicast virtual private networks (MVPNs) across a public network that are capable of carrying high-bandwidth multicast traffic with increased scalability. In particular, the MVPNs may transport layer three (L3) multicast traffic, such as Internet Protocol (IP) packets, between remote sites via the public network. The principles described herein may reduce the overhead of protocol independent multicast (PIM) neighbor adjacencies and customer control information maintained for MVPNs. The principles may also reduce the state and the overhead of maintaining the state in the network by removing the need to maintain at least one dedicated multicast tree per each MVPN.
摘要翻译：描述了本发明的原理，用于提供跨越公共网络的多播虚拟专用网络（MVPN），所述组播虚拟专用网络能够承载具有增加的可扩展性的高带宽组播流量。特别地，MVPN可以经由公共网络在远程站点之间传输第三层（L3）组播流量，例如因特网协议（IP）分组。本文所描述的原理可以减少维护MVPN的协议无关组播（PIM）邻居邻居和客户控制信息的开销。这些原理还可以通过消除维护每个MVPN至少一个专用多播树的需要来减少维护网络状态的状态和开销。

13. 发明授权

US08085690B1 Managing routing information in a hub-and-spokes network 有权
标题翻译：管理中心和轮辐网络中的路由信息
公开(公告)号：US08085690B1
公开(公告)日：2011-12-27
申请号：US12341628
申请日：2008-12-22
申请人： Manoj Leelanivas , Yakov Rekhter
发明人： Manoj Leelanivas , Yakov Rekhter
IPC分类号： H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L12/4675 , H04L45/00 , H04L45/04 , H04L45/50
摘要： A routing device may be connected to multiple spoke site networks, and may receive local routes from these spoke site networks. The routing device may include routing information and forwarding information. The routing device may update the routing information to include the local routes, and selectively generate the forwarding information to exclude the local routes. The routing device may associate labels with the local routes and advertise the labels and local routes to other routing devices. The labels may be associated with interfaces of the routing device or access links that connect the routing device to a spoke site network, and the associations of labels with interfaces or access links may be stored in the forwarding information. The routing device may forward received packets that include the labels according to the labels, and may forward other received packets according to the routes within the forwarding information.
摘要翻译：路由设备可以连接到多个分支站点网络，并且可以从这些分支站点网络接收本地路由。路由设备可以包括路由信息和转发信息。路由设备可以更新路由信息以包括本地路由，并且选择性地生成转发信息以排除本地路由。路由设备可以将标签与本地路由相关联，并将标签和本地路由通告给其他路由设备。标签可以与将路由设备连接到分支站点网络的路由设备或接入链路的接口相关联，并且标签与接口或接入链路的关联可以存储在转发信息中。路由设备可以根据标签转发包含标签的接收报文，并根据转发信息内的路由转发其他收到的报文。

14. 发明授权

US07990963B1 Exchange of control information for virtual private local area network (LAN) service multicast 有权
标题翻译：交换虚拟专用局域网（LAN）服务组播的控制信息
公开(公告)号：US07990963B1
公开(公告)日：2011-08-02
申请号：US12469075
申请日：2009-05-20
申请人： Rahul Aggarwal , Yakov Rekhter
发明人： Rahul Aggarwal , Yakov Rekhter
IPC分类号： H04L12/28 , H04L12/56 , H04J3/26 , G06F15/16
CPC分类号： H04L12/4641 , H04L12/18 , H04L12/1886
摘要： Principles of the invention are described for providing virtual private local area network service (VPLS) multicast instances across a public network by utilizing multicast trees. In particular, the VPLS multicast instances transport layer two (L2) multicast traffic, such as Ethernet packets, between customer networks via the public network. The principles described herein enable VPLS multicast instances to handle high bandwidth multicast traffic. The principles also reduce the state and the overhead of maintaining the state in the network by removing the need to perform snooping between routers within the network.
摘要翻译：描述了通过利用多播树在公共网络上提供虚拟专用局域网服务（VPLS）组播实例的本发明的原理。特别地，VPLS组播实例通过公共网络在客户网络之间传输第二层（L2）组播流量，例如以太网分组。本文描述的原理使VPLS组播实例能够处理高带宽组播流量。这些原则还通过消除在网络中的路由器之间进行窥探的需要来减少维护网络状态的状态和开销。

15. 发明授权

US07983286B2 Edge devices for providing a transparent LAN segment service and configuration such edge devices 有权
标题翻译：边缘设备提供透明的LAN段服务和配置这样的边缘设备
公开(公告)号：US07983286B2
公开(公告)日：2011-07-19
申请号：US12329858
申请日：2008-12-08
申请人： Yakov Rekhter
发明人： Yakov Rekhter
IPC分类号： H04L12/28 , H04J3/22 , G06F7/00
CPC分类号： H04L12/4641 , H04L12/4645 , H04L45/50 , Y10S707/99936
摘要： A transport LAN segment service is provided over a transport network. The transport network will include edge devices configured to support one or more transparent LAN segments. Configuration is simplified by advertising TLS-port-label information, layer 2 address learning, and multicasting when the needed configuration information has not yet been learned or discovered.
摘要翻译：通过传输网络提供传输LAN段服务。传输网络将包括被配置为支持一个或多个透明LAN段的边缘设备。通过在尚未学习或发现所需配置信息的情况下，通过广告TLS端口标签信息，第2层地址学习和多播来简化配置。

16. 发明授权

US07668166B1 Peer-model support for virtual private networks having potentially overlapping addresses 有权
标题翻译：对于具有潜在重叠地址的虚拟专用网络的对等模式支持
公开(公告)号：US07668166B1
公开(公告)日：2010-02-23
申请号：US10868720
申请日：2004-06-15
申请人： Yakov Rekhter , Eric C. Rosen
发明人： Yakov Rekhter , Eric C. Rosen
IPC分类号： H04L12/28 , H04J3/16
CPC分类号： H04L45/00 , H04L12/4645 , H04L45/50 , H04L63/0272
摘要： A method for operating a router has the following steps. First, the router receives a data packet to be forwarded, the data packet having an indication that it is to be routed by tag switching to a destination router, the destination router to forward the packet to a destination computer. Second, the router prepends a tag to the data packet, the tag to be used by the destination router to route the data packet to the destination computer. Third, the router prepends an encapsulation header to the data packet, the encapsulation header to route the data packet to the destination router. Fourth, the router transmits the data packet with the encapsulation header and the tag for routing through the network to the destination router.
摘要翻译：一种操作路由器的方法有以下步骤。首先，路由器接收要转发的数据包，数据包具有通过标签交换路由到目的路由器的指示，目的路由器将分组转发到目的地计算机。第二，路由器为数据包添加一个标签，目的路由器使用的标签将数据包路由到目标计算机。第三，路由器为数据包提供封装头，封装头将数据包路由到目的路由器。第四，路由器将数据包与封装头和标签进行传输，通过网络路由到目的路由器。

17. 发明授权

US07558219B1 Multicast trees for virtual private local area network (LAN) service multicast 有权
标题翻译：用于虚拟专用局域网（LAN）服务组播的组播树
公开(公告)号：US07558219B1
公开(公告)日：2009-07-07
申请号：US11212932
申请日：2005-08-26
申请人： Rahul Aggarwal , Yakov Rekhter
发明人： Rahul Aggarwal , Yakov Rekhter
IPC分类号： H04L12/28 , H04W4/00
CPC分类号： H04L12/4641 , H04L12/18 , H04L12/1886
摘要： Principles of the invention are described for providing virtual private local area network service (VPLS) multicast instances across a public network by utilizing multicast trees. In particular, the VPLS multicast instances transport layer two (L2) multicast traffic, such as Ethernet packets, between customer networks via the public network. The principles described herein enable VPLS multicast instances to handle high bandwidth multicast traffic. The principles also reduce the state and the overhead of maintaining the state in the network by removing the need to perform snooping between routers within the network.
摘要翻译：描述了通过利用多播树在公共网络上提供虚拟专用局域网服务（VPLS）组播实例的本发明的原理。特别地，VPLS组播实例通过公共网络在客户网络之间传输第二层（L2）组播流量，例如以太网分组。本文描述的原理使VPLS组播实例能够处理高带宽组播流量。这些原则还通过消除在网络中的路由器之间进行窥探的需要来减少维护网络状态的状态和开销。

18. 发明授权

US07463639B1 Edge devices for providing a transparent LAN segment service and configuring such edge devices 有权
标题翻译：边缘设备，用于提供透明的LAN段服务和配置这些边缘设备
公开(公告)号：US07463639B1
公开(公告)日：2008-12-09
申请号：US10123353
申请日：2002-04-16
申请人： Yakov Rekhter
发明人： Yakov Rekhter
IPC分类号： H04L12/28 , H04J3/22 , G06F7/00
CPC分类号： H04L12/4641 , H04L12/4645 , H04L45/50 , Y10S707/99936
摘要： A transport LAN segment service is provided over a transport network. The transport network will include edge devices configured to support one or more transparent LAN segments. Configuration is simplified by advertising TLS-port-label information, layer 2 address learning, and multicasting when the needed configuration information has not yet been learned or discovered.
摘要翻译：通过传输网络提供传输LAN段服务。传输网络将包括被配置为支持一个或多个透明LAN段的边缘设备。通过在尚未学习或发现所需配置信息的情况下，通过广告TLS端口标签信息，第2层地址学习和多播来简化配置。

19. 发明授权

US06704795B1 Technique for reducing consumption of router resources after BGP restart 有权
标题翻译： BGP重启后减少路由器资源消耗的技术
公开(公告)号：US06704795B1
公开(公告)日：2004-03-09
申请号：US09416461
申请日：1999-10-12
申请人： Rex Emmanuel Fernando , Yakov Rekhter
发明人： Rex Emmanuel Fernando , Yakov Rekhter
IPC分类号： G06F1516
CPC分类号： H04L45/02 , H04L45/04
摘要： A technique reduces consumption of resources on behalf of a router and its neighboring routers by deferring the point at which the router renders a route selection decision in accordance with a Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). A BGP KEEPALIVE message is selectively issued to enable the router to detect that each of its neighbors has finished sending all of its routes. After detecting that it has received a full set of routes from each neighbor, the router performs route selection procedures to select the preferred routes and advertises these routes to its neighbors.
摘要翻译：一种技术通过延迟路由器根据边界网关协议（BGP）呈现路由选择决定的点来减少代表路由器及其相邻路由器的资源消耗。选择性地发出BGP KEEPALIVE消息，以使路由器能够检测到其每个邻居已经完成发送其所有路由。检测到从每个邻居接收到一整套路由后，路由器执行路由选择过程，选择优先路由，并将这些路由发布给邻居。

20. 发明授权

US06611528B1 Hierarchical routing knowledge for multicast packet routing 有权
标题翻译：组播数据包路由的分层路由知识
公开(公告)号：US06611528B1
公开(公告)日：2003-08-26
申请号：US09685219
申请日：2000-10-10
申请人： Dino Farinacci , Yakov Rekhter
发明人： Dino Farinacci , Yakov Rekhter
IPC分类号： H04L400
CPC分类号： H04L12/18 , H04L45/02 , H04L45/04 , H04L45/16
摘要： The invention provides a method and system for multicast packet routing, in which only selected routers in a network subset (in a preferred embodiment, those routers on the border of the domain) maintain routing information external to the network subset, while all other routers in the network subset (non-border routers) maintain only information regarding routing within the network subset, including which border routers are on the path from the multicast source device or to the destination devices. The network subset is preferably a domain or other routing domain. A multicast distribution tree is maintained, using protocol messages which are transmitted from leaf nodes toward a root of the tree, while data packets to be multicast are distributed from the root toward the leaf nodes. In each network subset, such as a routing domain, each multicast packet is associated with a multicast distribution tree. The multicast distribution tree is associated with an upstream border router (UBR) and a set of downstream border routers (DBRs). The UBR and DBRs maintain complete routing information for each multicast source device, while all other routers in the network subset maintain routing information only to the UBR and DBRs. A “JOIN” or “PRUNE” protocol message associates a particular UBR with a particular multicast source device, so that non-border routers within the network subset only have to maintain routing information to border routers, while still being able to correctly maintain a multicast distribution tree rooted at a node outside the network subset.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种用于组播分组路由的方法和系统，其中网络子集（在优选实施例中，该域的边界上的那些路由器）中仅选择的路由器维护网络子集外部的路由信息，而所有其他路由器网络子集（非边界路由器）仅维护关于网络子集内的路由的信息，包括哪些边界路由器在从组播源设备到目标设备的路径上。网络子集优选地是域或其他路由域。使用从叶节点朝向树根传输的协议消息来维护组播分发树，而要组播的数据包从根分配到叶节点。在每个网络子集（例如路由域）中，每个组播分组与组播分发树相关联。组播分发树与上游边界路由器（UBR）和一组下游边界路由器（DBR）相关联。 UBR和DBR为每个组播源设备维护完整的路由信息，而网络子集中的所有其他路由器只保留路由信息到UBR和DBR。 “JOIN”或“PRUNE”协议消息将特定的UBR与特定的组播源设备相关联，使得网络子集内的非边界路由器仅需要将路由信息维护到边界路由器，同时仍然能够正确地维护组播分布树根植于网络子集外部的节点。

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