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11. 发明授权

US06204924B1 Method and apparatus for measuring polarization mode dispersion of optical devices 失效
标题翻译：用于测量光学器件的偏振模色散的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06204924B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-20
申请号：US09255849
申请日：1999-02-23
申请人： Normand Cyr
发明人： Normand Cyr
IPC分类号： G01B902
CPC分类号： G01M11/336 , G01J3/447 , G01J4/04 , G01M11/331
摘要： Apparatus for measuring very low levels of polarization mode dispersion of optical devices, that is inexpensive, robust and portable, comprises a broadband source and a polarizer for directing substantially completely polarized broadband light into the device under test with the polarization in a plane substantially perpendicular to the propagation direction of the light. Light leaving the device is analyzed spectrally to produce a spectrum of intensity in dependence upon wavelength or frequency of such light for each of at least two mutually orthogonal polarization axes in a plane perpendicular to the propagation axis of the light leaving the device. The spectra are used to compute Stokes parameters s1, s2 and |s3| for each of a plurality of wavelengths within the bandwidth of the broadband light. The polarization mode dispersion of the device is characterized in dependence upon the Stokes parameters using one of several techniques including standard Fixed Analyzer techniques and polarimetric techniques, especially the Poincaré sphere technique. The apparatus is particularly suitable for measuring PMD of components of optical telecommunications systems, including optical fibers, optical isolators, couplers, light amplifiers, and dispersion compensators.
摘要翻译：用于测量光学器件的非常低水平的偏振模色散的装置，其便宜，稳健和便携，包括宽带光源和偏振器，用于将基本上完全偏振的宽带光引导到被测器件中，其中极化基本上垂直于光的传播方向。在垂直于离开设备的光的传播轴的平面中，离开设备的光被光谱地分析以产生与这种光的波长或频率相关的至少两个相互正交的偏振轴中的每一个的光的光谱。光谱用于计算斯托克斯参数s1，s2和| s3 | 对于宽带光的带宽内的多个波长中的每一个。器件的偏振模色散根据斯托克斯参数的特征，使用包括标准固定分析仪技术和极化技术在内的几种技术之一，特别是庞加莱球技术。该装置特别适用于测量包括光纤，光隔离器，耦合器，光放大器和色散补偿器在内的光通信系统的组件的PMD。

12. 发明授权

US4899345A Atomic resonance in crossed linear polarization 失效
标题翻译：交叉线性极化中的原子共振
公开(公告)号：US4899345A
公开(公告)日：1990-02-06
申请号：US341209
申请日：1989-04-21
申请人： Normand Cyr , Michel Tetu , Vincent Giordano
发明人： Normand Cyr , Michel Tetu , Vincent Giordano
IPC分类号： G01J3/12 , G02F2/00 , H01S3/13
CPC分类号： H01S3/1303 , G01J3/12 , G02F2/00 , G01J2003/1252
摘要： A method and apparatus for deriving information on a light beam. The light beam is processed by an optical system to produce two quasi-collinear beams propagating in opposite directions, namely pump and probe beams with orthogonal linear polarizations. The beams interact with the medium contained in a cell, which medium is capable to manifest absorption resonance. As a result of the beams interaction with the medium, the intensity of the probe beam transmitted through the medium, considered along a predetermined polarization axis, becomes representative of a particular state of absorption resonance of the medium, which resonance occurs when the frequencies of the pump and probe beams are located within a narrow absorption resonance frequency bandwidth characterizing the medium. The invention finds applications in the laser spectroscopy technology as well as in the construction of frequency stabilized laser sources, optical filters and optical communication systems, among others.
摘要翻译：一种用于导出光束信息的方法和装置。光束由光学系统处理以产生沿相反方向传播的两个准共线光束，即具有正交线性偏振的泵浦和探针光束。光束与包含在细胞中的介质相互作用，该介质能够表现出吸收共振。作为光束与介质相互作用的结果，沿着预定偏振轴考虑的透射介质的探测光束的强度变成了介质的吸收共振的特定状态，当这种频率为泵浦和探针光束位于表征介质的窄吸收共振频率带宽内。本发明在激光光谱技术以及频率稳定的激光源，光学滤波器和光通信系统等的构造中得到应用。

13. 发明申请

US20100073667A1 Method and Apparatus for Determining Differential Group Delay and Polarization Mode Dispersion 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于确定差分组延迟和极化模式色散的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20100073667A1
公开(公告)日：2010-03-25
申请号：US12568554
申请日：2009-09-28
申请人： Normand Cyr , Hongxin Chen
发明人： Normand Cyr , Hongxin Chen
IPC分类号： G01N21/84
CPC分类号： G01M11/336 , G01M11/3163 , G01M11/3181
摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring at least one polarization-related characteristic of an optical path (FUT) uses an optical source means connected to the FUT at or adjacent a proximal end of the FUT and an analyzing-and-detection unit connected to the FUT at or adjacent its proximal or distal end. The optical source means injects into the FUT at least partially polarized light having a controlled state of polarization (I-SOP). The analyzer-and-detection unit extracts corresponding light from the FUT, analyzes and detects the extracted light corresponding to at least one transmission axis (A-SOP), and processes the corresponding electrical signal to obtain transmitted coherent optical power at each wavelength of light in each of at least two groups of wavelengths, wherein the lowermost (λl) and uppermost (λU) said wavelengths in each said group of wavelengths are closely-spaced. A processing unit than computes at least one difference in a measured power parameter corresponding to each wavelength in a wavelength pair for each of the at least two groups, the measured power parameter being proportional to the power of the said analyzed and subsequently detected light, thereby defining a set of at least two measured power parameter differences; computes the mean-square value of said set of differences; and calculating the at least one polarization-related FUT characteristic as at least one predetermined function of said mean-square value, the predetermined function being dependent upon the small optical frequency difference between the wavelengths corresponding to the said each at least said two pairs of closely-spaced wavelengths.
摘要翻译：用于测量光路（FUT）的至少一个偏振相关特性的方法和装置使用连接到FUT近端或其附近的FUT的光源装置，以及连接到FUT的分析和检测单元在其近端或远端附近。光源装置将具有受控的偏振态（I-SOP）的至少部分偏振光注入到FUT中。分析仪检测单元从FUT中提取相应的光，分析并检测与至少一个透射轴（A-SOP）相对应的提取光，并对相应的电信号进行处理，以在光的每个波长处获得透射的相干光焦度在至少两组波长中的每一个中，其中每个所述波长组中的最低（λ1）和最上（λU）个波长是紧密间隔的。一个处理单元，其计算与所述至少两个组中的每个组的波长对中的每个波长相对应的测量功率参数中的至少一个差异，所测量的功率参数与所述分析和随后检测到的光的功率成比例，从而定义一组至少两个测量的功率参数差; 计算所述差异集合的均方值; 以及计算所述至少一个偏振相关的FUT特性作为所述均方值的至少一个预定函数，所述预定函数取决于对应于所述每个至少所述两对密切对应的波长之间的小的光学频率差间隔波长。

14. 发明申请

US20090244522A1 Polarization Optical Time Domain Reflectometer and Method of Determining PMD 失效
标题翻译：极化光时域反射计及PMD的测定方法
公开(公告)号：US20090244522A1
公开(公告)日：2009-10-01
申请号：US11992797
申请日：2006-09-29
申请人： Normand Cyr , Hongxin Chen
发明人： Normand Cyr , Hongxin Chen
IPC分类号： G01N21/00 , G06F15/00
CPC分类号： G01M11/3181
摘要： In a method of measuring cumulative polarization mode dispersion (PMD) along the length of a fiber-under-test (FUT), a polarization-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (POTDR) is used to inject into the FUT plural series of light pulses arranged in several groups. Each group comprises at least two series of light pulses having different but closely-spaced wavelengths and the same state of polarization (SOP). At least two, and preferably a large number of such groups, are injected and corresponding OTDR traces obtained for each series of light pulses by averaging the impulse-response signals of the several series of light pulses in the group. The process is repeated for a large number of groups having different wavelengths and/or SOPs. The PMD then is obtained by normalizing the OTDR traces of all of the groups, then computing the difference between each normalized OTDR trace in one group and the corresponding normalized OTDR trace in another group, followed by the mean-square value of the differences. Finally, the PMD is computed as a predetermined function of the mean-square difference. The function may, for example, be a differential formula, an arcsine formula, and so on.
摘要翻译：在沿着被测光纤（FUT）的长度测量累积偏振模色散（PMD）的方法中，使用极化敏感光时域反射计（POTDR）将FUT多个系列的光脉冲在几个组。每个组包括至少两个具有不同但紧密相隔的波长和相同的偏振状态（SOP）的光脉冲序列。通过平均组中若干系列的光脉冲的脉冲响应信号，为每一系列光脉冲注入至少两个，优选大量的这样的基团和相应的OTDR迹线。对于具有不同波长和/或SOP的大量组重复该过程。然后通过归一化所有组的OTDR迹线获得PMD，然后计算一组中的每个归一化OTDR迹线与另一组中对应的归一化OTDR迹线之间的差异，随后是差的均方值。最后，将PMD计算为均方差的预定函数。该函数可以是例如微分公式，反正弦公式等。

15. 发明授权

US07426021B2 Interferometric optical analyzer and method for measuring the linear response of an optical component 失效
标题翻译：干涉光学分析仪以及用于测量光学部件的线性响应的方法
公开(公告)号：US07426021B2
公开(公告)日：2008-09-16
申请号：US11287972
申请日：2005-11-28
申请人： Normand Cyr
发明人： Normand Cyr
IPC分类号： G01N21/00 , G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G01M11/331 , G01M11/336 , G01M11/337 , G01M11/338
摘要： An interferometric optical analyzer apparatus comprises a light source, an interferometer and a detection system for determining the linear response, and subsequently any optical parameter, of one or more optical elements using substantially unpolarized light. In one embodiment, the light source supplies substantially unpolarized coherent light over a predetermined range of optical frequencies. The optical element is coupled in one arm of the interferometer and the other arm of the interferometer is used as a reference. The unpolarized light is first passed through the interferometer then through a three-way polarization splitter unit to split the light into at least three light beams according to preselected polarization axes corresponding to three linearly independent states of polarization. The three light beams are coupled to individual detectors and a controller computes Jones matrix elements from the resulting electrical signals. The total polarization independent power may also be determined by an additional detector.
摘要翻译：干涉光学分析仪装置包括光源，干涉仪和用于使用基本上非偏振光确定一个或多个光学元件的线性响应以及随后的任何光学参数的检测系统。在一个实施例中，光源在预定范围的光学频率上提供基本上非偏振的相干光。光学元件耦合在干涉仪的一个臂中，并且干涉仪的另一个臂用作参考。首先将非偏振光通过干涉仪，然后通过三路偏振分离器单元，根据对应于三个线性独立的偏振态的预选偏振轴将光分成至少三个光束。三个光束耦合到各个检测器，并且控制器从所得到的电信号中计算Jones矩阵元素。总极化独立功率也可以由另外的检测器确定。

16. 发明申请

US20080100828A1 Polarization-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer and method for determining PMD 审中-公开
标题翻译：偏振敏感光时域反射计和PMD测定方法
公开(公告)号：US20080100828A1
公开(公告)日：2008-05-01
申请号：US11727759
申请日：2007-03-28
申请人： Normand Cyr , Hongxin Chen
发明人： Normand Cyr , Hongxin Chen
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01M11/3181
摘要： In a method of measuring cumulative polarization mode dispersion (PMD) along the length of a fiber-under-test (FUT), a polarization-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (POTDR) is used to inject into the FUT plural series of light pulses arranged in several groups. Each group comprises at least two series of light pulses having different but closely-spaced wavelengths and the same state of polarization (SOP). At least two, and preferably a large number of such groups, are injected and corresponding OTDR traces obtained for each series of light pulses by averaging the impulse-response signals of the several series of light pulses in the group. The process is repeated for a large number of groups having different wavelengths and/or SOPs. The PMD then is obtained from the resulting normalized OTDR traces of all of the groups, by computing the difference between each normalized OTDR trace in one group and the corresponding normalized OTDR trace in another group, followed by the mean-square value of the differences. Finally, the PMD is computed as a predetermined function of the mean-square difference. The function may, for example, be a differential formula, an arcsine formula, and so on.
摘要翻译：在沿着被测光纤（FUT）的长度测量累积偏振模色散（PMD）的方法中，使用极化敏感光时域反射计（POTDR）将FUT多个系列的光脉冲在几个组。每个组包括至少两个具有不同但紧密相隔的波长和相同的偏振状态（SOP）的光脉冲序列。通过平均组中若干系列的光脉冲的脉冲响应信号，为每一系列光脉冲注入至少两个，优选大量的这样的基团和相应的OTDR迹线。对于具有不同波长和/或SOP的大量组重复该过程。然后通过计算一组中的每个归一化OTDR迹线与另一组中对应的归一化OTDR迹线之间的差异，然后是差异的均方根值，从所有组的所得归一化OTDR迹线获得PMD。最后，将PMD计算为均方差的预定函数。该函数可以是例如微分公式，反正弦公式等。

17. 发明申请

US20070154212A1 Method and apparatus for testing transmission lines normally propagating optical signals 失效
标题翻译：测试传输线正常传播光信号的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20070154212A1
公开(公告)日：2007-07-05
申请号：US11713735
申请日：2007-03-05
申请人： Bernard Ruchet , Normand Cyr
发明人： Bernard Ruchet , Normand Cyr
IPC分类号： H04B10/08
CPC分类号： H04B10/07955 , H04B3/46 , H04B10/079 , H04B10/0793 , H04B10/0795 , H04B10/07953 , H04Q11/0067 , H04Q2011/0083
摘要： Portable apparatus for measuring parameters of optical signals propagating concurrently in opposite directions in an optical transmission path between two elements, at least one of the elements being operative to transmit a first optical signal (S1) only if it continues to receive a second optical signal (S2) from the other (10) of said elements, comprises first and second connectors for connecting the apparatus into the optical transmission path in series therewith, and a device connected between the fist and second connectors for propagating at least the second optical signal (S2) towards the one of the elements, and measuring the parameters of the concurrently propagating optical signals (S1, S2). The measurement results may be displayed by a suitable display unit. Where one element transmits signals at two different wavelengths, the apparatus may separate parts of the corresponding optical signal portion according to wavelength and process them separately.
摘要翻译：用于测量在两个元件之间的光传输路径中相反方向同时传播的光信号的参数的便携式设备，所述元件中的至少一个仅在其继续接收第二光信号时才发送第一光信号（S 1）（10）的所述第一和第二连接器（S 2）包括用于将所述装置串联连接到所述光传输路径中的第一和第二连接器，以及连接在所述第一和第二连接器之间的装置，用于至少传播所述第二光信号（S 2），并测量同时传播的光信号的参数（S 1，S 2）。测量结果可以由合适的显示单元显示。当一个元件以两个不同的波长发射信号时，该装置可以根据波长分离对应的光信号部分的部分并分别处理它们。

18. 发明申请

US20060114471A1 Interferometric optical analyzer and method for measuring the linear response of an optical component 失效
标题翻译：干涉光学分析仪以及用于测量光学部件的线性响应的方法
公开(公告)号：US20060114471A1
公开(公告)日：2006-06-01
申请号：US11287972
申请日：2005-11-28
申请人： Normand Cyr
发明人： Normand Cyr
IPC分类号： G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G01M11/331 , G01M11/336 , G01M11/337 , G01M11/338
摘要： An interferometric optical analyzer apparatus comprises a light source, an interferometer and a detection system for determining the linear response, and subsequently any optical parameter, of one or more optical elements using substantially unpolarized light. In one embodiment, the light source supplies substantially unpolarized coherent light over a predetermined range of optical frequencies. The optical element is coupled in one arm of the interferometer and the other arm of the interferometer is used as a reference. The unpolarized light is first passed through the interferometer then through a three-way polarization splitter unit to split the light into at least three light beams according to preselected polarization axes corresponding to three linearly independent states of polarization. The three light beams are coupled to individual detectors and a controller computes Jones matrix elements from the resulting electrical signals. The total polarization independent power may also be determined by an additional detector.
摘要翻译：干涉光学分析仪装置包括光源，干涉仪和用于使用基本上非偏振光确定一个或多个光学元件的线性响应以及随后的任何光学参数的检测系统。在一个实施例中，光源在预定范围的光学频率上提供基本上非偏振的相干光。光学元件耦合在干涉仪的一个臂中，并且干涉仪的另一个臂用作参考。首先将非偏振光通过干涉仪，然后通过三路偏振分离器单元，根据对应于三个线性独立的偏振态的预选偏振轴将光分成至少三个光束。三个光束耦合到各个检测器，并且控制器从所得到的电信号中计算Jones矩阵元素。总极化独立功率也可以由另外的检测器确定。

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