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11. 发明授权

US5796827A System and method for near-field human-body coupling for encrypted communication with identification cards 失效
标题翻译：用于与识别卡进行加密通信的近场人体耦合的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US5796827A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-18
申请号：US749865
申请日：1996-11-14
申请人： Don Coppersmith , Prabhakar Raghavan , Thomas G. Zimmerman
发明人： Don Coppersmith , Prabhakar Raghavan , Thomas G. Zimmerman
IPC分类号： G06K19/07 , B60R25/00 , G06K7/08 , G06K17/00 , G06K19/04 , G06K19/077 , G06K19/10 , G07C9/00 , H04B5/00 , H04B5/02 , H04B13/00 , H04L9/32 , H04L9/00
CPC分类号： A61B5/0024 , A61B5/0028 , B60R25/2027 , G06K19/041 , G06K19/07749 , G06K19/07758 , G06K19/07788 , G06K7/10326 , G06Q20/4012 , G07C9/00111 , H04B13/005 , H04L9/3226 , H04L9/3297 , H04L2209/56 , H04L2209/805
摘要： An apparatus and method are disclosed for encoding and transferring data from a transmitter to a receiver, using the human body as a transmission medium. The transmitter includes an electric field generator, a data encoder which operates by modulating the electric field, and electrodes to couple the electric field through the human body. The receiver includes electrodes, in physical contact with, or close proximity to, a part of the human body, for detecting an electric field carried through the body, and a demodulator for extracting the data from the modulated electric field. An authenticator, connected to the receiver, processes the encoded data and validates the authenticity of the transmission. The apparatus and method are used to identify and authorize a possessor of the transmitter. The possessor then has secure access to, and can obtain delivery of, goods and services such as the distribution of money, phone privileges, building access, and commodities. Encryption provides rapid transmission and authentication of the transmitter, and a plurality of similar transmitters, with minimum vulnerability to counterfeit. Signal processing and digital communication components accommodate variations in location and orientation of the transmitter and receiver, and provide transmitters with long life times and high reliability.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于使用人体作为传输介质来将数据从发射机编码和传送到接收机的装置和方法。发射机包括电场发生器，通过调制电场操作的数据编码器，以及将电场耦合通过人体的电极。接收机包括与身体的一部分物理接触或接近的电极，用于检测通过身体携带的电场，以及用于从调制电场中提取数据的解调器。连接到接收器的认证器处理编码数据并验证传输的真实性。该装置和方法用于识别和授权发射机的拥有者。拥有者然后可以安全地访问和可以获得货物和服务的交付，例如货币分配，电话特权，建筑物访问和商品。加密提供了对发射机和多个类似的发射机的快速传输和认证，并且具有最小的假冒易损性。信号处理和数字通信组件适应发射机和接收机的位置和方向的变化，并提供具有长寿命和高可靠性的发射机。

12. 发明授权

US06256736B1 Secured signal modification and verification with privacy control 失效
标题翻译：安全信号修改和验证与隐私控制
公开(公告)号：US06256736B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-03
申请号：US09059498
申请日：1998-04-13
申请人： Don Coppersmith , Frederick Cole Mintzer , Charles P. Tresser , Chai Wah Wu , Minerva Ming-Yee Yeung
发明人： Don Coppersmith , Frederick Cole Mintzer , Charles P. Tresser , Chai Wah Wu , Minerva Ming-Yee Yeung
IPC分类号： H04L932
CPC分类号： G06T1/0064 , H04N1/32144 , H04N1/32213 , H04N1/32309 , H04N21/23892 , H04N21/8358 , H04N2201/3214 , H04N2201/3215 , H04N2201/3225 , H04N2201/3226 , H04N2201/3233 , H04N2201/3235 , H04N2201/327
摘要： A watermarking scheme which allows the watermarked image to be authenticated by an authentication agent without revealing the human-readable content of the image. There is disclosed an approach which combines privacy control with watermarking and authentication mechanisms. The watermark can be made to be imperceptible to humans. Public key cryptography allows the authentication agent to authenticate without being able to watermark an image.
摘要翻译：一种水印方案，其允许水印图像由认证代理认证，而不显示图像的人可读内容。公开了一种将隐私控制与水印和认证机制相结合的方法。水印可以被人看不到。公共密钥加密允许认证代理进行身份验证，而无法对图像进行水印。

13. 发明授权

US6101275A Method for finding a best test for a nominal attribute for generating a binary decision tree 失效
标题翻译：找到用于生成二进制决策树的名义属性的最佳测试的方法
公开(公告)号：US6101275A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-08
申请号：US13147
申请日：1998-01-26
申请人： Don Coppersmith , Se June Hong , Jonathan R. M. Hosking
发明人： Don Coppersmith , Se June Hong , Jonathan R. M. Hosking
IPC分类号： G06K9/62 , G06K9/36 , G06K9/46 , G06K9/68
CPC分类号： G06K9/6282
摘要： A fast way for determining the best subset test for a nominal attribute in a decision tree. When a nominal attribute has n distinct values, the prior art requires computing the impurity functions on each of the 2.sup.n-1 -1 possible subset partitioning of the n values and finding the minimum case among them. This invention guarantees the minimum impurity test on the attribute by computing only (n-1) impurity function computations. This reduction of computational complexity makes it practically possible to find the true best tests for many real data mining application, where a binary decision tree is used as the classification model.
摘要翻译：确定决策树中名义属性的最佳子集测试的快速方法。当标称属性具有n个不同的值时，现有技术需要在n个值的2n-1-1个可能子集划分中的每一个上计算杂质函数，并且找出其中的最小值。本发明通过仅计算（n-1）杂质函数计算来保证对属性的最小杂质测试。这种计算复杂度的降低使得实际上可以为许多实际数据挖掘应用找到真正的最佳测试，其中使用二进制决策树作为分类模型。

14. 发明授权

US5675652A Computer readable device implementing a software-efficient pseudorandom function encryption 失效
标题翻译：实现软件高效伪随机函数加密的计算机可读设备
公开(公告)号：US5675652A
公开(公告)日：1997-10-07
申请号：US478176
申请日：1995-06-07
申请人： Don Coppersmith , Phillip W. Rogaway
发明人： Don Coppersmith , Phillip W. Rogaway
IPC分类号： G09C1/00 , G06F12/14 , G06F21/00 , G06F21/24 , H04L9/18 , H04L9/22 , H04L9/00
CPC分类号： G06F21/31 , G06F21/46 , G06F21/602 , G06F21/62 , G06F21/72 , G06F21/80 , G06F21/85 , H04L9/0656 , G06F2211/007 , H04L2209/046
摘要： A software-efficient pseudorandom function maps an index and an encryption key to a pseudorandom bit string useful for constructing a stream cipher. The method begins by preprocessing the encryption key into a table of pseudorandom values. The index and a set of values from the table is then used to generate a set of initial values for the registers. At least some of the register values are modified in part by taking a current value of a register and replacing the current value with a function of the current value and a value retrieved from the table, the latter value being determined by the values in one or more other registers. After modifying the register values in this fashion, the values are masked using other values from the table and the results then concatenated into the pseudorandom bit string. The modification step is repeated and a new masked function of the register values is then concatenated into the pseudorandom bit string. The modification and concatenation steps are repeated to continue growing the pseudorandom bit string until the string reaches some desired length.
摘要翻译：软件效率的伪随机函数将索引和加密密钥映射到用于构建流密码的伪随机比特串。该方法开始于将加密密钥预处理成伪随机值的表。然后使用索引和表中的一组值来生成一组寄存器的初始值。至少一些寄存器值被部分修改，取当前的寄存器值，并用当前值的函数和从表中检索的值替换当前值，后一个值由一个或多个值中的值确定更多其他寄存器。以这种方式修改寄存器值后，使用表中的其他值对值进行掩码，然后将结果并入到伪随机位串中。修改步骤被重复，并且寄存器值的新的掩蔽函数然后被连接到伪随机位串中。重复修改和连接步骤以继续生长伪随机位串，直到字符串达到期望的长度。

15. 发明授权

US5454039A Software-efficient pseudorandom function and the use thereof for encryption 失效
标题翻译：软件效率的伪随机函数及其用于加密的用途
公开(公告)号：US5454039A
公开(公告)日：1995-09-26
申请号：US163054
申请日：1993-12-06
申请人： Don Coppersmith , Phillip W. Rogaway
发明人： Don Coppersmith , Phillip W. Rogaway
IPC分类号： G09C1/00 , G06F12/14 , G06F21/00 , G06F21/24 , H04L9/18 , H04L9/22 , H04L9/00
CPC分类号： G06F21/31 , G06F21/46 , G06F21/602 , G06F21/62 , G06F21/72 , G06F21/80 , G06F21/85 , H04L9/0656 , G06F2211/007 , H04L2209/046
摘要： A software-efficient pseudorandom function maps an index and an encryption key to a pseudorandom bit string useful for constructing a stream cipher. The method begins by preprocessing the encryption key into a table of pseudorandom values. The index and a set of values from the table is then used to generate a set of initial values for the registers. At least some of the register values are modified in part by taking a current value of a register and replacing the current value with a function of the current value and a value retrieved from the table, the latter value being determined by the values in one or more other registers. After modifying the register values in this fashion, the values are masked using other values from the table and the results then concatenated into the pseudorandom bit string. The modification step is repeated and a new masked function of the register values is then concatenated into the pseudorandom bit string. The modification and concatenation steps are repeated to continue growing the pseudorandom bit string until the string reaches some desired length.
摘要翻译：软件效率的伪随机函数将索引和加密密钥映射到用于构建流密码的伪随机比特串。该方法开始于将加密密钥预处理成伪随机值的表。然后使用索引和表中的一组值来生成一组寄存器的初始值。至少一些寄存器值被部分修改，取当前的寄存器值，并用当前值的函数和从表中检索的值替换当前值，后一个值由一个或多个值中的值确定更多其他寄存器。以这种方式修改寄存器值后，使用表中的其他值对值进行掩码，然后将结果并入到伪随机位串中。修改步骤被重复，并且寄存器值的新的掩蔽函数然后被连接到伪随机位串中。重复修改和连接步骤以继续生长伪随机位串，直到字符串达到期望的长度。

16. 发明授权

US06996543B1 System for protection of goods against counterfeiting 失效
标题翻译：保护商品防伪制度
公开(公告)号：US06996543B1
公开(公告)日：2006-02-07
申请号：US09182279
申请日：1998-10-29
申请人： Don Coppersmith , Claude A. Greengard , Charles P. Tresser , Chai Wah Wu
发明人： Don Coppersmith , Claude A. Greengard , Charles P. Tresser , Chai Wah Wu
IPC分类号： G06F17/60 , H04L9/32 , G09C5/00 , B44F1/12 , B42D15/00
CPC分类号： G06Q10/087 , G06Q20/208 , G09C5/00 , H04L9/3226 , H04L2209/56 , H04L2209/608
摘要： In order to verify the authenticity of manufactured goods, a smart tag is attached to the goods containing encrypted authentication information, such as a serial number, a description of the good's physical appearance or chemical decomposition, its color, or digital images of the good etc. The encryption procedure comprises public/private key encryption with zero-knowledge protocols. Zero knowledge protocols allow a smart tag to be authenticatable and yet be duplication resistant by allowing the verifying agent to convince him/herself that the smart tag is authentic without revealing its authentication information. The verification procedure can be done using a reader at a point of sale (POS) machine equipped with the appropriate public key and zero-knowledge protocols to decrypt the authentication information. A printed version of the serial number or other authentication information may be placed on the goods in human readable form to quickly verify the information electronically read from the smart tag. With the present invention, only the manufacturer can create such smart tags with the associated data thus making it virtually impossible to pass off a counterfeit good as authentic. In addition to authenticating counterfeit goods, the present invention can be used to detect authentic goods being sold in a parallel market.
摘要翻译：为了验证制成品的真实性，将智能标签附加到包含加密认证信息的商品，例如序列号，商品的物理外观或化学分解的描述，颜色或数字图像等。加密过程包括具有零知识协议的公钥/私钥加密。零知识协议允许智能标签是可认证的，并且通过允许验证代理说服他/她自己智能标签是真实的而不揭示其认证信息而被复制。验证过程可以使用配备有适当的公钥和零知识协议的销售点（POS）机器上的读取器来解密认证信息。序列号或其他认证信息的印刷版本可以以人类可读的形式放置在货物上，以快速验证从智能标签电子读取的信息。利用本发明，只有制造商可以使用相关联的数据来创建这样的智能标签，从而使得实际上不可能真实地将假冒商品传递出去。除了认证假货外，本发明还可用于检测在并行市场上销售的正品。

17. 发明授权

US5768390A Cryptographic system with masking 失效
标题翻译：带掩蔽的加密系统
公开(公告)号：US5768390A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-16
申请号：US895713
申请日：1997-07-17
申请人： Don Coppersmith , Donald Byron Johnson , Stephen Michael Matyas, Jr.
发明人： Don Coppersmith , Donald Byron Johnson , Stephen Michael Matyas, Jr.
IPC分类号： H04L9/06 , H04K1/02 , H04K1/00 , H04K1/04 , H04K1/06 , H04L9/00
CPC分类号： H04L9/0637 , H04L2209/046 , H04L2209/125
摘要： A system for cryptographically transforming a sequence of input blocks of plaintext or ciphertext data into corresponding sequence of output blocks of data while providing enhanced protection against cryptographic attacks. Each input block is enciphered using a first key to generate a first encryption product, which is combined with a first secret masking value generated independently of the input blocks to generate a masked first encryption product. Each masked first encryption product is then enciphered using a second key to generate a second encryption product, which is combined with a second secret masking value generated independently of the input blocks to generate a masked second encryption product. Finally, each masked second encryption result is enciphered using a third key to generate an output block corresponding to the input block.
摘要翻译：一种用于将明文或密文数据的输入块的序列密码变换成输出数据块的相应序列的系统，同时提供增强的针对加密攻击的保护。使用第一密钥对每个输入块进行加密以产生第一加密产物，其与独立于输入块生成的第一秘密掩蔽值组合以生成被掩蔽的第一加密产物。然后，使用第二密钥对每个被掩蔽的第一加密产品进行加密，以产生第二加密产品，该第二加密产品与独立于输入块生成的第二秘密掩蔽值组合以生成被掩蔽的第二加密产物。最后，使用第三密钥对每个被掩蔽的第二加密结果进行加密，以产生与输入块相对应的输出块。

18. 发明授权

US4675650A Run-length limited code without DC level 失效
标题翻译：运行长度限制代码，无直流电平
公开(公告)号：US4675650A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-23
申请号：US725954
申请日：1985-04-22
申请人： Don Coppersmith , Bruce P. Kitchens
发明人： Don Coppersmith , Bruce P. Kitchens
IPC分类号： H03M7/14 , H03M5/14 , H03M7/42
CPC分类号： H03M5/145
摘要： Code modification circuitry alters the end portion of each block in a sequence of code blocks, and also inserts additional bits at the junction between contiguous blocks. The codes to be processed are run-length limited (RLL) codes having a DC component which is to be removed for certain applications such as magnetic recording. The modification circuitry retains the RLL format. Charge (or the integral of the waveform) accumulated by the sequence of bits of one block is compensated by selecting the sense of charge accumulation in next block to be of opposite sense. This is accomplished by the code modification circuitry using a relatively small set of possible combinations of digital words at the junctions of the blocks.
摘要翻译：代码修改电路以一系列代码块改变每个块的结尾部分，并且在相邻块之间的连接处插入附加位。要处理的代码是具有DC分量的游程长度限制（RLL）代码，其将针对某些应用例如磁记录被去除。修改电路保留RLL格式。通过在下一个块中选择具有相反意义的电荷累积感来补偿由一个块的位序列积累的电荷（或波形的积分）。这通过代码修改电路使用在块的结点处的数字字的可能组合的相对较小的集合来实现。

19. 发明授权

US07100050B1 Secured signal modification and verification with privacy control 失效
标题翻译：安全信号修改和验证与隐私控制
公开(公告)号：US07100050B1
公开(公告)日：2006-08-29
申请号：US09571359
申请日：2000-05-15
申请人： Don Coppersmith , Frederick C. Mintzer , Charles P. Tresser , Samuel M. Weber , Chai Wah Wu , Minerva Ming-Yee Yeung
发明人： Don Coppersmith , Frederick C. Mintzer , Charles P. Tresser , Samuel M. Weber , Chai Wah Wu , Minerva Ming-Yee Yeung
IPC分类号： H04L9/00 , H04N7/16
CPC分类号： G06T1/0064 , H04N1/32144 , H04N1/32213 , H04N1/32309 , H04N21/23892 , H04N21/8358 , H04N2201/3214 , H04N2201/3215 , H04N2201/3225 , H04N2201/3226 , H04N2201/3233 , H04N2201/3235 , H04N2201/327
摘要： A watermarking scheme is provided that allows the watermarked image to be authenticated by an authentication agent without revealing the human-readable content of the image. There is disclosed an approach that combines privacy control with watermarking and authentication mechanisms. The watermark can be made to be imperceptible to humans. Public key cryptography allows the authentication agent to authenticate without being able to watermark an image. Watermark information may also be encoded in a vector graphics image that includes at least one stroke defined by coordinate values of an ordered sequence of points. This may be obtained by providing watermark information as a bit sequence, identifying one or more redundant properties of the image, modifying the redundant properties based upon the bit sequence to generate a representation of the image and storing the representation of the image for subsequent use.
摘要翻译：提供了一种水印方案，其允许水印图像由认证代理认证，而不暴露图像的人可读内容。公开了一种将隐私控制与水印和认证机制相结合的方法。水印可以被人看不到。公共密钥加密允许认证代理进行身份验证，而无法对图像进行水印。水印信息也可以被编码在矢量图形图像中，该矢量图形图像包括由有序序列的坐标值定义的至少一个笔画。这可以通过提供水印信息作为比特序列，识别图像的一个或多个冗余属性，基于比特序列修改冗余属性来生成图像的表示并存储用于后续使用的图像的表示来获得。

20. 发明授权

US6069955A System for protection of goods against counterfeiting 失效
标题翻译：保护商品防伪制度
公开(公告)号：US6069955A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-30
申请号：US60026
申请日：1998-04-14
申请人： Don Coppersmith , Claude A. Greengard , Charles P. Tresser , Chai Wah Wu
发明人： Don Coppersmith , Claude A. Greengard , Charles P. Tresser , Chai Wah Wu
IPC分类号： G09C5/00 , H04L9/32 , H04L9/00
CPC分类号： G06Q10/087 , G06Q20/208 , G09C5/00 , H04L9/3226 , H04L2209/56 , H04L2209/608
摘要： A visible seal or label containing a serial number is placed in plain view on the product packaging. The visible label contains the serial number as well as a first public key encrypted version of the serial number. A second or hidden label inside of the package has thereon a second a second encrypted version of the serial number made using a second public key. The hidden label may be secured inside of the package out of sight or may be placed on the back of the visible label and therefore viewable through a transparent case when opened or visible when peeled off. The private keys are known only to the manufacturer. Using a corresponding public key provided by the manufacturer, the consumer, law enforcement agent, or customs inspector can verify that the encrypted version matches the serial number. An advantage to this method is that only the manufacturer can produce matching pairs. Moreover, using a point of sale machine equipped with the public key the sales clerk can authenticate the product in front of the consumer at point of purchase. Additionally, in the case of a CD or other digital medium, the hidden label may comprise a digital watermark of the encrypted serial number such that a consumer, law enforcement agency, or customs inspector can readily detect a counterfeit product.
摘要翻译：包含序列号的可见密封或标签放在产品包装上的平面图中。可见标签包含序列号以及序列号的第一个公钥加密版本。包装内部的第二个或隐藏的标签上具有使用第二公钥制作的序列号的第二个第二加密版本。隐藏的标签可以固定在包装内部的视线之外，或者可以被放置在可见标签的背面上，并且因此当被剥离时打开或可见时通过透明外壳可以看到。私钥只有制造商才知道。使用制造商提供的相应公钥，消费者，执法人员或海关检查员可以验证加密版本是否符合序列号。该方法的优点在于只有制造商可以生成匹配对。此外，使用配有公钥的销售点销售员可以在购买点对消费者面前的产品进行认证。此外，在CD或其他数字媒体的情况下，隐藏的标签可以包括加密序列号的数字水印，使得消费者，执法机构或海关检查员可以容易地检测到假冒产品。

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