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11. 发明授权

US5924088A Index selection for an index access path 失效
标题翻译：索引访问路径的索引选择
公开(公告)号：US5924088A
公开(公告)日：1999-07-13
申请号：US808094
申请日：1997-02-28
申请人： Hakan Jakobsson , Michael Depledge , Cetin Ozbutun , Jeffrey I. Cohen
发明人： Hakan Jakobsson , Michael Depledge , Cetin Ozbutun , Jeffrey I. Cohen
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30327 , G06F17/30463 , Y10S707/99931 , Y10S707/99932 , Y10S707/99933 , Y10S707/99934
摘要： A list of indexes, from which indexes are selected for an index access path, is sorted by number of columns upon which each index is built. From the sorted list of indexes, a set of index access methods is generated in a heuristically ordered set of passes from a given WHERE clause. The index access methods that comprise the index access path are selected from the set of index access methods according to a cost/benefit analysis.
摘要翻译：为索引访问路径选择索引的索引列表按照每个索引构建的列数进行排序。从索引的排序列表中，以给定的WHERE子句的启发式有序集合生成一组索引访问方法。根据成本/效益分析，从索引访问方法集中选择构成索引访问路径的索引访问方法。

12. 发明授权

US06266662B1 Bitmap segmentation 有权
标题翻译：位图分割
公开(公告)号：US06266662B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-24
申请号：US09617207
申请日：2000-07-17
申请人： Cetin Ozbutun , Jeffrey I. Cohen , Hakan Jakobsson , Michael Depledge , Alexander C. Ho
发明人： Cetin Ozbutun , Jeffrey I. Cohen , Hakan Jakobsson , Michael Depledge , Alexander C. Ho
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F17/30324 , G06F17/3061 , Y10S707/99931 , Y10S707/99932 , Y10S707/99933 , Y10S707/99934 , Y10S707/99937
摘要： A method and apparatus for segmenting bitmaps in a bitmap index is provided. A segmented bitmap includes a plurality of bitmap segments that are used to indicate which records in a body of records that is associated with the segmented bitmap satisfy a particular criteria. Each bitmap segment contains a string of bits that correspond to a corresponding range of records in the body of records. There may be gaps between the ranges represented by the bitmap segments when, for example, the body of records does not contain records in a particular range. For the purposes of retrieval, compression, de-compression, locking and logging, the database system treats each bitmap segment as a distinct data item.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于分割位图索引中的位图的方法和装置。分段位图包括多个位图段，其用于指示与分段位图相关联的记录体中的哪些记录满足特定标准。每个位图片段都包含一个比特串，它们对应于记录主体中对应的记录范围。当例如记录体不包含特定范围内的记录时，位图段所表示的范围之间可能存在间隙。为了检索，压缩，解压缩，锁定和记录的目的，数据库系统将每个位图段视为不同的数据项。

13. 发明授权

US5884307A Updating bitmapped indexes 失效
标题翻译：更新位图索引
公开(公告)号：US5884307A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-16
申请号：US808585
申请日：1997-02-28
申请人： Michael Depledge , Hakan Jakobsson , Cetin Ozbutun , Jeffrey I. Cohen
发明人： Michael Depledge , Hakan Jakobsson , Cetin Ozbutun , Jeffrey I. Cohen
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30312 , Y10S707/99931 , Y10S707/99933 , Y10S707/99935 , Y10S707/99937 , Y10S707/99943
摘要： A method and apparatus for updating a segmented bitmapped index to reflect a change made to data upon which the segmented index is based. Change records specifying changes to bitmap segments contained in the segmented bitmapped index are sorted by key value (bitmap segment) and row ID (bit) before being applied to the segmented bitmapped index. When the change records are being applied to the bitmap segment contained in the segmented bitmapped index, the index entry containing the bitmap segment to be updated is locked. If a new bitmap segment must be generated, the index entry covering a row in the data having a row ID less than the row ID of the change is first locked. Then a new index entry is generated, stored in the segmented bitmapped index, and the locked index entry unlocked. If the segmented bitmapped index does not contain an index entry covering a row in the data having a row ID less than the row ID of the change, then a dummy index entry is generated, stored in the segmented bitmapped index, and locked. A new index entry is then generated and stored in the segmented bitmapped index, after which the dummy index entry is unlocked and deleted.
摘要翻译：一种用于更新分段位图索引以反映对分段索引所依据的数据所做的改变的方法和装置。包含在分段位图索引中的位图段的更改的更改记录在应用于分段位图索引之前按键值（位图段）和行ID（位）进行排序。当更改记录被应用于包含在分段位图索引中的位图片段时，包含要更新的位图片段的索引条目被锁定。如果必须生成新的位图段，则首先锁定具有小于更改行ID的行ID的数据中包含行的索引条目。然后生成新的索引条目，存储在分段位图索引中，并锁定索引条目。如果分段位图索引不包含覆盖具有小于该变化的行ID的行ID的数据中的行的索引条目，则生成虚拟索引条目，存储在分段位图索引中并被锁定。然后生成新的索引条目并将其存储在分段位图索引中，之后解锁和删除虚拟索引条目。

14. 发明授权

US5974408A Method and apparatus for executing a query that specifies a sort plus operation 有权
标题翻译：用于执行指定排序加操作的查询的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5974408A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-26
申请号：US129257
申请日：1998-08-04
申请人： Jeffrey Ira Cohen , Cetin Ozbutun , Michael Depledge , Hakan Jakobsson
发明人： Jeffrey Ira Cohen , Cetin Ozbutun , Michael Depledge , Hakan Jakobsson
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30454 , Y10S707/99931 , Y10S707/99932 , Y10S707/99933 , Y10S707/99934 , Y10S707/99935 , Y10S707/99936 , Y10S707/99937 , Y10S707/99953
摘要： Sort plus operations such as "group by" and "distinct" generally require sorting of the retrieved data before performing the sort plus operation. A method and apparatus is disclosed for executing a query specifying a sort plus operation without performing the sorting operation. To perform the sort plus operation, it is determined whether a sorted source exists that can be used to obtain the data specified in the query. If the sorted source does exist, it is then used to perform the sort plus operation.
摘要翻译：分组加操作，例如“分组”和“不同”通常需要在执行排序加运算之前对检索的数据进行排序。公开了一种用于在不执行排序操作的情况下执行指定排序加操作的查询的方法和装置。要执行排序加操作，确定是否存在可用于获取查询中指定的数据的排序的源。如果排序的源确实存在，则用于执行排序加运算。

15. 发明授权

US6144957A Method and apparatus for using incompatible types of indexes to process a single query 有权
标题翻译：使用不兼容类型的索引来处理单个查询的方法和设备
公开(公告)号：US6144957A
公开(公告)日：2000-11-07
申请号：US311181
申请日：1999-05-13
申请人： Jeffrey Ira Cohen , Cetin Ozbutun , Hakan Jakobsson , Michael Depledge
发明人： Jeffrey Ira Cohen , Cetin Ozbutun , Hakan Jakobsson , Michael Depledge
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30324 , G06F17/30327 , G06F17/30463 , G06F17/30492 , Y10S707/99932 , Y10S707/99933 , Y10S707/99934 , Y10S707/99942 , Y10S707/99943 , Y10S707/99944
摘要： A method and apparatus for processing a query combines the use of different index types to minimize the rows of data that need to be retrieved from a table. A first index is accessed based on a query to produce a first result having a first format, for example a bitmap index outputting a bitmap. A second index, for example a B-tree index, is also accessed based on the query to produce a second result having a second format, for example a sequence of rowids. The first result is converted to a converted result having the second format, and the converted result and the second result are combined to obtain an end result. The end result can then be used to locate data that satisfies the query while minimizing the rows of data that need to be retrieved from a table during the query processing.
摘要翻译：用于处理查询的方法和装置组合使用不同的索引类型以最小化需要从表中检索的数据行。基于查询来访问第一索引以产生具有第一格式的第一结果，例如输出位图的位图索引。也可以基于查询来访问第二索引，例如B树索引，以产生具有第二格式的第二结果，例如一系列的rowid。将第一结果转换为具有第二格式的转换结果，并将转换结果和第二结果组合以获得最终结果。然后可以使用最终结果来定位满足查询的数据，同时最小化在查询处理期间需要从表中检索的数据行。

16. 发明授权

US5903888A Method and apparatus for using incompatible types of indexes to process a single query 失效
公开(公告)号：US5903888A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-11
申请号：US808096
申请日：1997-02-28
申请人： Jeffrey Ira Cohen , Cetin Ozbutun , Hakan Jakobsson , Michael Depledge
发明人： Jeffrey Ira Cohen , Cetin Ozbutun , Hakan Jakobsson , Michael Depledge
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30324 , G06F17/30327 , G06F17/30463 , G06F17/30492 , Y10S707/99932 , Y10S707/99933 , Y10S707/99934 , Y10S707/99942 , Y10S707/99943 , Y10S707/99944
摘要： A method and apparatus for processing a query combines the use of different index types to minimize the rows of data that need to be retrieved from a table. A first index is accessed based on a query to produce a first result having a first format, for example a bitmap index outputting a bitmap. A second index, for example a B-tree index, is also accessed based on the query to produce a second result having a second format, for example a sequence of rowids. The first result is converted to a converted result having the second format, and the converted result and the second result are combined to obtain an end result. The end result can then be used to locate data that satisfies the query while minimizing the rows of data that need to be retrieved from a table during the query processing.

17. 发明授权

US5822748A Group by and distinct sort elimination using cost-based optimization 失效
标题翻译：使用基于成本优化的分组排序和排序
公开(公告)号：US5822748A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-13
申请号：US808097
申请日：1997-02-28
申请人： Jeffrey Ira Cohen , Cetin Ozbutun , Michael Depledge , Hakan Jakobsson
发明人： Jeffrey Ira Cohen , Cetin Ozbutun , Michael Depledge , Hakan Jakobsson
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30454 , Y10S707/99931 , Y10S707/99932 , Y10S707/99933 , Y10S707/99934 , Y10S707/99935 , Y10S707/99936 , Y10S707/99937 , Y10S707/99953
摘要： Sort plus operations such as "group by" and "distinct" generally require sorting of the retrieved data before performing the sort plus operation. A method and apparatus is disclosed for executing a query specifying a sort plus operation without performing the sorting operation. A cost-based optimizer determines at least one execution path where the data is retrieved from a sorted source and the data is processed to satisfy the query without sorting. Execution costs are determined for the respective execution paths, and the execution path having the lowest overall execution cost is selected to process the query.
摘要翻译：分组加操作，例如“分组”和“不同”通常需要在执行排序加运算之前对检索的数据进行排序。公开了一种用于在不执行排序操作的情况下执行指定排序加操作的查询的方法和装置。基于成本的优化器确定至少一个执行路径，其中从排序的源检索数据，并且处理数据以满足查询而不进行排序。对于各个执行路径确定执行成本，并且选择具有最低总执行成本的执行路径来处理该查询。

18. 发明授权

US5848408A Method for executing star queries 失效
标题翻译：执行星型查询的方法
公开(公告)号：US5848408A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-08
申请号：US808621
申请日：1997-02-28
申请人： Hakan Jakobsson , Cetin Ozbutun , William H. Waddington
发明人： Hakan Jakobsson , Cetin Ozbutun , William H. Waddington
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30498 , G06F17/30445 , G06F17/30501 , Y10S707/99932 , Y10S707/99933
摘要： A method and apparatus for processing star queries is provided. According to the method, a star query is transformed by adding to the star query subqueries that are not in the query. The subqueries are generated based on join predicates and constraints on dimension tables that are contained in the original query. The subqueries are executed, and the values returned by the subqueries are used to access one or more bitmap indexes built on columns of the fact table. The bitmaps retrieved for the values returned by each subquery are merged to create one subquery bitmap per subquery. An AND operation is performed on the subquery bitmaps, and the resulting bitmap is used to determine which data to retrieve from the fact table.
摘要翻译：提供了一种处理星型查询的方法和装置。根据该方法，通过添加到不在查询中的星型查询子查询来转换星型查询。子查询是基于原始查询中包含的维表上的连接谓词和约束生成的。执行子查询，子查询返回的值用于访问一个或多个基于事实表列的位图索引。为每个子查询返回的值检索的位图被合并，以便为每个子查询创建一个子查询位图。在子查询位图上执行AND操作，并且生成的位图用于确定从事实表中检索哪些数据。

19. 发明申请

US20090106306A1 SQL Execution Plan Baselines 有权
标题翻译： SQL执行计划基准
公开(公告)号：US20090106306A1
公开(公告)日：2009-04-23
申请号：US12188678
申请日：2008-08-08
申请人： Dinesh Das , Cetin Ozbutun , Hong Su , Mohamed Zait , Yali Zhu , Mohamed Ziauddin , Peter Belknap , Khaled Yagoub
发明人： Dinesh Das , Cetin Ozbutun , Hong Su , Mohamed Zait , Yali Zhu , Mohamed Ziauddin , Peter Belknap , Khaled Yagoub
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30469 , G06F17/30463
摘要： Approaches, techniques, and mechanisms are disclosed for maintaining a set of baseline query plans for a database command. Except in rare circumstances, a database server may only execute a command according to a baseline plan, even if the database server predicts that a different plan has a lower cost. The set of baseline plans are plans that, for one reason or another, have been determined to provide acceptable actual performance in at least one execution context. When the database server receives a request to execute a particular command, the database server, if possible, always executes the command according to the lowest predicted cost baseline plan. The database server may evolve the plan baseline to include additional plans by generating and testing new plans in response to new requests to execute the database command, or as part of a query optimization or tuning process.
摘要翻译：披露了用于维护数据库命令的一组基线查询计划的方法，技术和机制。除极少数情况下，数据库服务器只能根据基准线执行命令，即使数据库服务器预测不同的计划成本较低。一组基准计划是由于某种原因决定在至少一个执行环境中提供可接受的实际绩效的计划。当数据库服务器接收到执行特定命令的请求时，如果可能，数据库服务器总是根据最低预测成本基线计划执行该命令。数据库服务器可以通过生成和测试新计划以响应执行数据库命令的新请求，或作为查询优化或调整过程的一部分，来演进计划基准以包括额外的计划。

20. 发明授权

US06684203B1 Using global temporary tables to transform queries 有权
标题翻译：使用全局临时表来转换查询
公开(公告)号：US06684203B1
公开(公告)日：2004-01-27
申请号：US09436053
申请日：1999-11-08
申请人： William H. Waddington , Cetin Ozbutun , Michael Charles Depledge , Angela Amor
发明人： William H. Waddington , Cetin Ozbutun , Michael Charles Depledge , Angela Amor
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F17/30454 , G06F17/30445 , Y10S707/99933
摘要： A technique and mechanism for transforming a query is described. A given query is transformed into a transformed query that references a global temporary table. Specifically, the given query contains a join between a given table and one or more other tables referenced by constraints (e.g. predicates). References to one or more of the constrained tables are replaced by a reference to a global temporary table. Before executing the transformed query, data that satisfies the constraints placed on the constrained table is inserted into the global temporary table.
摘要翻译：描述了用于转换查询的技术和机制。给定的查询被转换为引用全局临时表的转换查询。具体来说，给定的查询包含一个给定表和一个或多个由约束引用的其他表（例如谓词）之间的连接。对一个或多个受约束的引用由对全局临时表的引用替代。在执行转换查询之前，将满足约束表上约束的数据插入到全局临时表中。

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