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11. 发明授权

US06593956B1 Locating an audio source 失效
标题翻译：查找音频源
公开(公告)号：US06593956B1
公开(公告)日：2003-07-15
申请号：US09079840
申请日：1998-05-15
申请人： Steven L. Potts , Hong Wang , Wendi Beth Rabiner , Peter L. Chu
发明人： Steven L. Potts , Hong Wang , Wendi Beth Rabiner , Peter L. Chu
IPC分类号： H04N714
CPC分类号： G01S3/7865 , G01S3/8083 , H04N7/15
摘要： A system, such as a video conferencing system, is provided which includes an image pickup device, an audio pickup device, and an audio source locator. The image pickup device generates image signals representative of an image, while the audio pickup device generates audio signals representative of sound from an audio source, such as speaking person. The audio source locator processes the image signals and audio signals to determine a direction of the audio source relative to a reference point. The system can further determine a location of the audio source relative to the reference point. The reference point can be a camera. The system can use the direction or location information to frame a proper camera shot which would include the audio source.
摘要翻译：提供了诸如视频会议系统的系统，其包括图像拾取装置，音频拾取装置和音频源定位器。图像拾取装置产生表示图像的图像信号，而音频拾取装置生成表示来自诸如说话人之类的音频源的声音的音频信号。音频源定位器处理图像信号和音频信号以确定音频源相对于参考点的方向。系统可以进一步确定音频源相对于参考点的位置。参考点可以是相机。该系统可以使用方向或位置信息来构成包括音频源的正确的相机拍摄。

12. 发明授权

US5715319A Method and apparatus for steerable and endfire superdirective microphone arrays with reduced analog-to-digital converter and computational requirements 失效
标题翻译：具有减少的模数转换器和计算要求的可转向和火焰超导麦克风阵列的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5715319A
公开(公告)日：1998-02-03
申请号：US657636
申请日：1996-05-30
申请人： Peter L. Chu
发明人： Peter L. Chu
IPC分类号： H04R1/40 , H04R3/00 , H04R5/027
CPC分类号： H04R3/005 , H04R2201/401 , H04R2201/403 , H04R2201/405 , H04R25/407
摘要： An end fire microphone array having reduced analog-to-digital converter requirements is disclosed. Analog filters are used to band-limit at least two secondary microphone elements which are spaced from a primary microphone element a distance respective of their band limited outputs. The band-limited secondary microphone outputs are combined by an analog summer and the primary microphone and combined secondary microphone signals are digitized by an analog-to-digital converter. A signal processor performs a super-directive analysis of the primary microphone signal and the combined secondary microphone signals. A steerable superdirective microphone array is disclosed. A plurality of microphones are arranged in a ring. The microphone outputs are digitized, split into frequency bands, and weighted sums are formed for each of a plurality of directions. A steering control circuit evaluates the relative energy of each directional signal in each band and selects a microphone direction for further processing and output.
摘要翻译：公开了一种具有降低的模数转换器要求的终端式麦克风阵列。模拟滤波器用于限制至少两个辅助麦克风元件，这些次要麦克风元件与主麦克风元件间隔开它们的频带限制输出的距离。频带限制的二次麦克风输出通过模拟加法器组合，主麦克风和组合次级麦克风信号由模数转换器数字化。信号处理器执行主麦克风信号和组合次级麦克风信号的超指令分析。公开了一种可操纵的超导麦克风阵列。多个麦克风布置在环中。麦克风输出被数字化，分成频带，并且为多个方向中的每一个形成加权和。转向控制电路评估每个频带中每个定向信号的相对能量，并选择麦克风方向进行进一步处理和输出。

13. 发明授权

US5263019A Method and apparatus for estimating the level of acoustic feedback between a loudspeaker and microphone 失效
标题翻译：用于估计扬声器和麦克风之间的声反馈电平的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5263019A
公开(公告)日：1993-11-16
申请号：US837729
申请日：1992-02-19
申请人： Peter L. Chu
发明人： Peter L. Chu
IPC分类号： H04J1/00 , H04B3/23 , H04M9/08 , H04R3/02
CPC分类号： H04R3/02 , H04M9/082 , H04R2430/03
摘要： An improved echo cancelling device for reducing the effects of acoustic feedback between a loudspeaker and microphone in a communication system. The device includes an adjustable filter for receiving a loudspeaker signal and generating in response thereto an echo estimation signal. The device subtracts the echo estimation signal from the microphone signal to produce an echo corrected microphone signal. During periods of time when the microphone signal is substantially derived from acoustic feedback between the loudspeaker and the microphone, the device adjusts transfer characteristics of the filter to reduce the echo corrected microphone signal. The improvement includes estimating from the adjusted transfer characteristics an energy transfer ratio representative of the ratio of the energy of the microphone signal to the energy of the loudspeaker signal. The device compares the microphone signal to the energy transfer ratio multiplied by the loudspeaker signal to identify periods of time when the microphone signal is substantially derived from acoustic feedback between the loudspeaker and the microphone.
摘要翻译：一种用于减少通信系统中扬声器和麦克风之间的声反馈的影响的改进的回波消除装置。该装置包括可调滤波器，用于接收扬声器信号并响应于此产生回波估计信号。该装置从麦克风信号中减去回波估计信号，以产生回波校正麦克风信号。在麦克风信号基本上来源于扬声器和麦克风之间的声反馈的时间段期间，设备调节滤波器的传送特性以减少回波校正的麦克风信号。该改进包括从调整的传送特性估计表示麦克风信号的能量与扬声器信号的能量的比率的能量传递比。该装置将麦克风信号与乘以扬声器信号的能量传递比进行比较，以识别麦克风信号基本上从扬声器和麦克风之间的声反馈导出的时间段。

14. 发明授权

US09203633B2 Mobile group conferencing with portable devices 有权
标题翻译：移动组会议与便携式设备
公开(公告)号：US09203633B2
公开(公告)日：2015-12-01
申请号：US13544271
申请日：2012-07-09
申请人： Peter L. Chu , Yibo Liu , Zhemin Tu , Jonathan Gallmeier , Krishna Sai
发明人： Peter L. Chu , Yibo Liu , Zhemin Tu , Jonathan Gallmeier , Krishna Sai
IPC分类号： H04N7/14 , H04L12/18 , H04M3/56 , H04N7/15
CPC分类号： H04L12/1822 , H04L12/189 , H04M3/567 , H04M3/569 , H04N7/15
摘要： A master device (e.g., a laptop) controls a videoconference connection with a far-end and acts as a controller for slave devices in a group. The master establishes the connection with the far-end using a wide area network and connects with the slaves using a Wi-Fi connection of a local area connection. To connect to the slaves, the master outputs an ultrasonic beacon encoding the master's address in the local network. The beacon also allows differences in the various clocks to be handled during audio processing. During the videoconference, the master outputs far-end audio to a loudspeaker and sends the far-end video to its display and to the slaves. Each device captures audio/video with its microphone and camera. The master determines which captured audio is a dominant talker's and may only send that audio to the far-end. The video associated with the dominant talker's device may also be sent to the far-end.
摘要翻译：主设备（例如，笔记本电脑）控制与远端的视频会议连接，并且用作组中的从设备的控制器。主机使用广域网建立与远端的连接，并使用局域网连接的Wi-Fi连接与从站进行连接。要连接到从站，主站输出编码本地网络主站地址的超声波信标。信标还允许在音频处理期间处理各种时钟的差异。在视频会议期间，主机将远端音频输出到扬声器，并将远端视频发送到其显示器和从站。每个设备用麦克风和相机捕获音频/视频。主人确定哪个捕获的音频是主要的说话者，并且只能将该音频发送到远端。与主要讲话者的设备相关的视频也可能被发送到远端。

15. 发明授权

US09030520B2 Automatic camera selection for videoconferencing 有权
标题翻译：视频会议自动摄像机选择
公开(公告)号：US09030520B2
公开(公告)日：2015-05-12
申请号：US13163837
申请日：2011-06-20
申请人： Peter L. Chu , Jinwei Feng , Krishna Sai
发明人： Peter L. Chu , Jinwei Feng , Krishna Sai
IPC分类号： H04N7/14 , H04N7/15 , H04M3/56 , G01S3/803
CPC分类号： H04N7/15 , G01S3/8036 , H04M3/567 , H04M3/569 , H04M2201/50
摘要： In videoconference camera selection, audio inputs associated with cameras for a videoconference are each processed into first and second audio energies respectively for first and second frequency ranges. The selection then determines which of the audio inputs has a greatest ratio of the first audio energy to the second audio energy and selects the associated camera view for outputting video for the videoconference. The selection can also process video inputs from the cameras either alone or in combination with the audio processing. Either way, the selection processes each of the video inputs for at least one facial characteristic and determines which of the video inputs has a greatest likelihood of framing a human face. In the end, the selection selects the associated camera view for outputting video for the videoconference based at least in part on this video-based determination.
摘要翻译：在视频会议相机选择中，与用于视频会议的相机相关联的音频输入分别被分别用于第一和第二频率范围的第一和第二音频能量。然后，该选择确定哪个音频输入具有第一音频能量与第二音频能量的最大比率，并且选择用于输出用于视频会议的视频的相关联的摄像机视图。选择还可以单独处理来自摄像机的视频输入或与音频处理相结合。无论哪种方式，选择处理至少一个面部特征的每个视频输入，并且确定哪个视频输入具有构图人脸的最大可能性。最后，该选择至少部分地基于该基于视频的确定来选择用于输出用于视频会议的视频的相关联的摄像机视图。

16. 发明申请

US20140049595A1 Videoconferencing System Having Adjunct Camera for Auto-Framing and Tracking 有权
标题翻译：具有用于自动构建和跟踪的辅助相机的视频会议系统
公开(公告)号：US20140049595A1
公开(公告)日：2014-02-20
申请号：US13589380
申请日：2012-08-20
申请人： Jinwei FENG , Yibo LIU , Xiangdong WANG , Peter L. CHU
发明人： Jinwei FENG , Yibo LIU , Xiangdong WANG , Peter L. CHU
IPC分类号： H04N7/15
CPC分类号： H04N7/15 , H04N5/232 , H04N5/23219
摘要： A videoconference apparatus and method coordinates a stationary view obtained with a stationary camera to an adjustable view obtained with an adjustable camera. The stationary camera can be a web camera, while the adjustable camera can be a pan-tilt-zoom camera. As the stationary camera obtains video, faces of participants are detected, and a boundary in the view is determined to contain the detected faces. Absence and presences of motion associated with the detected face is used to verify whether a face is reliable. To then capture and output video of the participants for the videoconference, the view of the adjustable camera is adjusted to a framed view based on the determined boundary. In the end, active video captured in the framed view with the adjustable camera can be sent to a far-end for the videoconference.
摘要翻译：视频会议装置和方法将利用固定照相机获得的静止视图与利用可调节照相机获得的可调视图进行协调。固定式摄像机可以是网络摄像机，而可调摄像机可以是俯仰变焦摄像机。当固定照相机获得视频时，检测到参与者的面部，并且确定视图中的边界以包含检测到的面部。使用与检测到的脸部相关的运动的缺席和存在来验证脸部是否可靠。然后为了视频会议捕获和输出与会者的视频，根据确定的边界将可调节相机的视图调整到框架视图。最后，使用可调节摄像头在框架视图中捕获的活动视频可以发送到视频会议的远端。

17. 发明授权

US5550924A Reduction of background noise for speech enhancement 失效
标题翻译：减少语音增强的背景噪声
公开(公告)号：US5550924A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-27
申请号：US402550
申请日：1995-03-13
申请人： Brant M. Helf , Peter L. Chu
发明人： Brant M. Helf , Peter L. Chu
IPC分类号： G10L13/00 , G10L21/02 , H03H17/02 , H04B1/10 , H04B15/00 , H04S1/00
CPC分类号： G10L21/0208 , H04B1/1027 , H04S1/002 , G10L21/0232 , H04B2001/1063
摘要： Properties of human audio perception are used to perform spectral and time masking to reduce perceived loudness of noise added to the speech signal. A signal is divided temporally into blocks which are then passed through notch filters to remove narrow frequency band components of the noise. Each block is then appended to part of the previous block in a manner which avoids block boundary discontinuities. An FFT is then performed on the resulting larger block, after which the spectral components of the signal are fed to a background noise estimator. Each frequency component of the signal is analyzed with respect to the background noise to determine, within various confidence levels, whether it is pure noise or a noise-and-signal combination. The frequency band's gain function is determined, based on the confidence levels. A spectral valley finder detects and fills in spectral valleys in the frequency component gain function, after which the function is used to modify the magnitude components of the FFT. An inverse FFT then maps the signal back from the frequency domain to the time domain to give a frame of noise-reduced signal. This signal is then multiplied by a temporal window and joined to the previous frame's signal to derive the output.
摘要翻译：使用人类音频感知的属性来执行频谱和时间屏蔽以减少加在语音信号上的噪声的感知响度。信号在时间上分成块，然后通过陷波滤波器去除噪声的窄频带分量。然后以避免块边界不连续性的方式将每个块附加到先前块的一部分。然后对所得到的较大块执行FFT，之后将信号的频谱分量馈送到背景噪声估计器。分析相对于背景噪声的信号的每个频率分量，以在各种置信水平内确定它是纯噪声还是噪声和信号组合。基于置信水平确定频带的增益函数。频谱谷检测器检测并填充频率分量增益函数中的频谱谷，之后使用该函数来修改FFT的幅度分量。然后，逆FFT将从频域返回的信号映射到时域以给出噪声降低信号的帧。然后将该信号乘以一个时间窗口并连接到前一帧的信号以导出输出。

18. 发明授权

US09491404B2 Compensating for different audio clocks between devices using ultrasonic beacon 有权
标题翻译：使用超声波信标补偿设备之间的不同音频时钟
公开(公告)号：US09491404B2
公开(公告)日：2016-11-08
申请号：US13282633
申请日：2011-10-27
申请人： Peter L. Chu , Yibo Liu
发明人： Peter L. Chu , Yibo Liu
IPC分类号： H03G5/00 , H04N7/14
CPC分类号： H04N7/142 , H04N7/147
摘要： A videoconferencing system has a videoconferencing unit that use portable devices as peripherals for the system. The portable devices obtain near-end audio and send the audio to the videoconferencing unit via a wireless connection. In turn, the videoconferencing unit sends the near-end audio from the loudest portable device along with near-end video to the far-end. The portable devices can control the videoconferencing unit and can initially establish the videoconference by connecting with the far-end and then transferring operations to the videoconferencing unit. To deal with acoustic coupling between the unit's loudspeaker and the portable device's microphone, the unit uses an echo canceller that is compensated for differences in the clocks used in the A/D and D/A converters of the loudspeaker and microphone.
摘要翻译：视频会议系统具有视频会议单元，其使用便携式设备作为系统的外围设备。便携式设备获得近端音频，并通过无线连接将音频发送到视频会议单元。反过来，视频会议单元将最接近便携式设备的近端音频和近端视频一起发送到远端。便携式设备可以控制视频会议单元，并且可以通过与远端连接然后将操作传送到视频会议单元来最初建立视频会议。为了处理单元的扬声器和便携式设备的麦克风之间的声耦合，该单元使用回波消除器，其补偿扬声器和麦克风的A / D和D / A转换器中使用的时钟的差异。

19. 发明授权

US09024998B2 Pairing devices in conference using ultrasonic beacon 有权
标题翻译：配对设备在会议中使用超声波信标
公开(公告)号：US09024998B2
公开(公告)日：2015-05-05
申请号：US13282609
申请日：2011-10-27
申请人： Peter L. Chu , Yibo Liu
发明人： Peter L. Chu , Yibo Liu
IPC分类号： H04N7/14 , H04M3/56 , H04N7/15
CPC分类号： H04N7/15 , G06F3/165 , H04M3/568 , H04N7/142
摘要： A videoconferencing system has a videoconferencing unit that use portable devices as peripherals for the system. The portable devices obtain near-end audio and send the audio to the videoconferencing unit via a wireless connection. In turn, the videoconferencing unit sends the near-end audio from the loudest portable device along with near-end video to the far-end. The portable devices can control the videoconferencing unit and can initially establish the videoconference by connecting with the far-end and then transferring operations to the videoconferencing unit. To deal with acoustic coupling between the unit's loudspeaker and the portable device's microphone, the unit uses an echo canceller that is compensated for differences in the clocks used in the A/D and D/A converters of the loudspeaker and microphone.
摘要翻译：视频会议系统具有视频会议单元，其使用便携式设备作为系统的外围设备。便携式设备获得近端音频，并通过无线连接将音频发送到视频会议单元。反过来，视频会议单元将最接近便携式设备的近端音频和近端视频一起发送到远端。便携式设备可以控制视频会议单元，并且可以通过与远端连接然后将操作传送到视频会议单元来最初建立视频会议。为了处理单元的扬声器和便携式设备的麦克风之间的声耦合，该单元使用回波消除器，其补偿扬声器和麦克风的A / D和D / A转换器中使用的时钟的差异。

20. 发明授权

US08842161B2 Videoconferencing system having adjunct camera for auto-framing and tracking 有权
标题翻译：视频会议系统具有自动构图和跟踪的辅助摄像头
公开(公告)号：US08842161B2
公开(公告)日：2014-09-23
申请号：US13589380
申请日：2012-08-20
申请人： Jinwei Feng , Yibo Liu , Xiangdong Wang , Peter L. Chu
发明人： Jinwei Feng , Yibo Liu , Xiangdong Wang , Peter L. Chu
IPC分类号： H04N7/14
CPC分类号： H04N7/15 , H04N5/232 , H04N5/23219
摘要： A videoconference apparatus and method coordinates a stationary view obtained with a stationary camera to an adjustable view obtained with an adjustable camera. The stationary camera can be a web camera, while the adjustable camera can be a pan-tilt-zoom camera. As the stationary camera obtains video, faces of participants are detected, and a boundary in the view is determined to contain the detected faces. Absence and presences of motion associated with the detected face is used to verify whether a face is reliable. To then capture and output video of the participants for the videoconference, the view of the adjustable camera is adjusted to a framed view based on the determined boundary. In the end, active video captured in the framed view with the adjustable camera can be sent to a far-end for the videoconference.
摘要翻译：视频会议装置和方法将利用固定照相机获得的静止视图与利用可调节照相机获得的可调视图进行协调。固定式摄像机可以是网络摄像机，而可调摄像机可以是俯仰变焦摄像机。当固定照相机获得视频时，检测到参与者的面部，并且确定视图中的边界以包含检测到的面部。使用与检测到的脸部相关的运动的缺席和存在来验证脸部是否可靠。然后，为了视频会议捕获和输出与会者的视频，可调节摄像机的视图根据确定的边界被调整为框架视图。最后，使用可调节摄像头在框架视图中捕获的活动视频可以发送到视频会议的远端。

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