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    • 133. 发明授权
    • Efficient method and apparatus for modular inverses
    • 模块化逆变器的高效方法和装置
    • US08340281B2
    • 2012-12-25
    • US12291318
    • 2008-11-07
    • Pierre LaurentVinodh Gopal
    • Pierre LaurentVinodh Gopal
    • H04K1/00
    • G06F7/727G06F7/721H04L9/3093H04N7/1675H04N21/2383
    • Methods and apparatus are described for computing modular inverses of odd input values modulo 2N (or modulo xN, for example in some Galois field) to perform a modular multiplication in cryptographic processing systems. In one embodiment an approximation is computed having 2k bits of the modular inverse of the odd input value without multiplications, for example using a binary extended Euclidean algorithm. A sequence of log2N−k Newton-Raphson or similarly quadratically convergent iterations are applied to the approximation using an extended precision multiplier to generate the modular inverse of the odd input value modulo 2N (or modulo xN), the modular inverse having up to N bits of precision. The modular inverse of the odd input value is then used in a modular multiplication to perform cryptographic operations and/or cyclic redundancy checks on communication data.
    • 描述的方法和装置用于计算模2N的奇数输入值(或者例如在一些伽罗瓦域中的模xN)以在密码处理系统中执行模乘。 在一个实施例中,计算具有奇数输入值的模数逆的2k位的近似,而不进行乘法,例如使用二进制扩展的欧几里德算法。 使用扩展精度乘数将log2N-k Newton-Raphson或类似的二次收敛迭代的序列应用于近似,以产生模2N(或模xN)的奇数输入值的模逆,该模逆向具有多达N位 的精度。 然后,以模数乘法将奇数输入值的模数反向用于对通信数据执行加密操作和/或循环冗余校验。
    • 139. 发明申请
    • Method and a system for a quick verification rabin signature scheme
    • 用于快速验证rabin签名方案的方法和系统
    • US20080002825A1
    • 2008-01-03
    • US11479100
    • 2006-06-30
    • Shay GueronVinodh Gopal
    • Shay GueronVinodh Gopal
    • H04L9/30
    • H04L9/302H04L9/3249
    • A method and a system to perform a Quick Verification of a Rabin Signature (QVRS) is provided. In one embodiment, the signing party generates a Rabin signature S of an original message M using a public key N in the Rabin signature generating formula M=S2 mod N. In one embodiment, the signing party also generates a value q according to the formula q=floor(S2/N). In one embodiment, the signing party sends the original message M, the signature S, the public key N and the value q to the verifying party. In one embodiment, the verifying party verifies the integrity of the message M using the signature S, the public key N and the value q and the test equation M=S2−qN.
    • 提供了一种执行拉宾签名快速验证(QVRS)的方法和系统。 在一个实施例中,签名方使用Rabin签名生成公式M = S< 2> mod N中的公共密钥N来生成原始消息M的拉宾签名S.在一个实施例中,签约方也 根据公式q = floor(S 2 / N)生成值q。 在一个实施例中,签名方向验证方发送原始消息M,签名S,公钥N和值q。 在一个实施例中,验证方使用签名S,公开密钥N和值q以及测试方程M = S 2 -Q N验证消息M的完整性。
    • 140. 发明申请
    • MANAGING STATE IN ACCELERATORS
    • US20200266995A1
    • 2020-08-20
    • US16865492
    • 2020-05-04
    • Vinodh Gopal
    • Vinodh Gopal
    • H04L9/32
    • Methods and apparatus for managing state in accelerators. An accelerator performs processing operations on a data chunk relating to a job submitted to the accelerator. During or following processing the data chunk, the accelerator generates state information corresponding to its current state and stores the state information or, optionally, the accelerator state information is obtained and stored by privileged software. In connection with continued processing of the current data chunk or a next job and next data chunk, the accelerator accesses previously stored state information identified by the job and validates the state information was generated by itself, another accelerator, or privileged software. Valid state information is then reloaded to restore the state of the accelerator/process state, and processing continues. The chunk processing, accelerator state store, validation, and restore operations are repeated to process subsequent jobs. An accelerator and/or privileged software may use a MAC (Message Authentication Code) algorithm to generate a MAC over a message comprising the accelerator state information. The MAC is then used to validate previously stored state information.