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131. 发明授权

US5034903A Apparatus and method for measuring the time evolution of carriers propogating within submicron and micron electronic devices 失效
标题翻译：用于测量在亚微米和微米电子器件内传播的载体的时间演变的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5034903A
公开(公告)日：1991-07-23
申请号：US303195
申请日：1989-01-30
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Ping-Pei Ho
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Ping-Pei Ho
IPC分类号： G01N23/225 , G01R31/308 , H01J37/285
CPC分类号： H01J37/285 , G01N23/2254 , G01R31/308
摘要： An apparatus for determining and displaying the time evolution profile of electron carriers present within a submicron or micron device comprises a laser for generating a beam of ultrafast pulses of ultraviolet light. A first beam splitter splits each pulse into a transmitted beam and a reflected beam. The transmitted beam travels through a time delay circuit, and is then converted into a train of ultrafast electrical pulses which are transmitted to the device. The reflected beam is focused on the device. An electron detector, also focused on the device, collects the ejected electrons resulting from the interaction of the light pulse and electrical pulse to produce an electrical signal. The signal is then magnified in intensity by an amplifier and directed at a cathode ray tube to cause an image to appear thereon. A SIT vidicon camera converts the image into an electrical signal and transmits the signal to a computer. The computer generates a time evolution profile from the signal received which is sent to a monitor for display.
摘要翻译：用于确定和显示存在于亚微米或微米器件内的电子载体的时间演化曲线的装置包括用于产生紫外光的超快脉冲束的激光器。第一分束器将每个脉冲分裂成透射光束和反射光束。发射光束通过时间延迟电路传播，然后被转换成传输到该装置的超快电脉冲串。反射光束聚焦在设备上。也集中在器件上的电子检测器收集由光脉冲和电脉冲的相互作用产生的喷射电子以产生电信号。然后通过放大器将信号强度放大并且指向阴极射线管，以使图像出现在其上。 SIT摄像机摄像机将图像转换为电信号并将信号传输到计算机。计算机从接收的信号产生时间演化曲线，发送到监视器进行显示。

132. 发明授权

US4972423A Method and apparatus for generating ultrashort light pulses 失效
标题翻译：用于产生超短光脉冲的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4972423A
公开(公告)日：1990-11-20
申请号：US292185
申请日：1988-12-30
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Peter J. Delfyett , Roger Dorsinville
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Peter J. Delfyett , Roger Dorsinville
IPC分类号： H01S3/00 , H01S3/30
CPC分类号： H01S3/0057 , H01S3/30
摘要： A method and apparatus for generating a light pulse having a duration as short as about 3 picoseconds is disclosed. A 5 mJ 25 picosecond second harmonic light pulse from a Nd:YAG laser system is focused into a 5 cm cell filled with D.sub.2 O so as to generate a continuum light pulse spanning about 150 nanometers with an average energy of at least 20 nd/nm across the spectrum. The continuum light pulse is fed through a 10 nanometer narrowband filter centered at 580 nanometers, producing an output pulse having a duration of about 3 picoseconds. The pulse so produced has a number of uses including as a seed pulse for dye laser oscillators and solid state amplifiers or as a pump source for pumping ultrashort dye lasers.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于产生持续时间短至约3皮秒的光脉冲的方法和装置。来自Nd：YAG激光系统的5mJ 25皮秒二次谐波光脉冲被聚焦到装有D 2 O的5cm电池中，以产生跨越约150纳米的连续光脉冲，平均能量至少为20nm / nm 光谱。连续光脉冲通过以580纳米为中心的10纳米窄带滤波器馈送，产生具有约3皮秒持续时间的输出脉冲。如此产生的脉冲具有许多用途，包括用于染料激光振荡器和固态放大器的种子脉冲，或用作泵浦超短染料激光器的泵浦源。

133. 发明授权

US4932031A Chromium-doped foresterite laser system 失效
标题翻译：铬掺杂永久性激光系统
公开(公告)号：US4932031A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-05
申请号：US248749
申请日：1989-09-26
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Vladimir Petricevic , Swapan Gayen
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Vladimir Petricevic , Swapan Gayen
IPC分类号： H01S3/16
CPC分类号： H01S3/16 , H01S3/1623 , H01S3/1655 , H01S3/1658
摘要： A laser system in which the laser medium is a single crystal of Cr.sub.3+ :Mg.sub.2 SiO.sub.4 is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system comprises a single crystal of chromium doped forsterite and a cavity which includes a pair of 30 cm. radius mirror having high transmission at 543 nm (the pump wavelength) and high reflectivity in the 1150-1350 nm range. Room temperature vibronic pulsed laser action is obtained with this cavity. Laser action has been observed at 1235 nm and a bandwidth of 25 nm. The wavelength range is suitable for transmission through optical fibers and is useful in laser ranging and remote sensing. Because of the ultrawide fluorescence bandwidth and a 15 fluoroescence lifetime the system is suitable for high intensity, tunable, cw, Q switched mode locked operation. In the mode locked operation pulses as short as 10-500 femtosecond may be generated. A number of different embodiments of the invention are described.
摘要翻译：公开了其中激光介质是Cr 3+：Mg 2 SiO 4的单晶的激光系统。在一个实施例中，该系统包括铬掺杂的镁橄榄石的单晶和包括一对30cm的空腔。在543nm（泵浦波长）具有高透射率的半径镜和在1150-1350nm范围内的高反射率。使用该腔体获得室温振动脉冲激光作用。已经观察到在1235nm处的激光作用和25nm的带宽。波长范围适用于通过光纤传输，适用于激光测距和遥感。由于超宽荧光带宽和15荧光寿命，该系统适用于高强度，可调谐，cw，Q切换模式锁定操作。在模式锁定操作中，可能会产生短至10-500飞秒的脉冲。描述了本发明的多个不同实施例。

134. 发明授权

US4930516A Method for detecting cancerous tissue using visible native luminescence 失效
标题翻译：使用可见天然发光检测癌组织的方法
公开(公告)号：US4930516A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-05
申请号：US186747
申请日：1988-04-25
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Michele A. Alfano
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Michele A. Alfano
IPC分类号： A61B5/00
CPC分类号： A61B5/0059 , Y10S607/901
摘要： A method and apparatus for detecting the presence of cancerous tissue using visible luminescence. The tissue to be examined is excited with a beam of monochromatic light that causes the tissue to fluoresce over a spectrum of wavelengths. The intensity at which the excited tissue fluoresces can be measured either over a spectrum or at a predetermined number of preselected wavelengths. By determining the wavelength(s) at which maximum intensity(ies) are attained for the tissue in question and by comparing these peak wavelengths, either visually or electronically, to the peak wavelength(s) derived from a known non-cancerous tissue, or by comparing the spectrum of the excited tissue with the spectrum of a known noncancerous tissue one can determine the carcinomatoid status of the tissue in question. The invention is based on the discovery that the visible luminescence spectra for cancerous and non-cancerous tissue are substantially different and that the differences are such that visible luminescence from tissue can be used to detect the presence of cancer.
摘要翻译：一种使用可见发光检测癌组织存在的方法和装置。被检查的组织被一束单色光激发，使得组织在波长范围内发出荧光。激发的组织荧光的强度可以在光谱上或在预定数量的预选波长下测量。通过确定对于所讨论的组织获得最大强度的波长，以及通过视觉上或电子方式将这些峰值波长与从已知非癌组织衍生的峰值波长进行比较，或通过将激发的组织的光谱与已知非癌组织的光谱进行比较，可以确定所讨论的组织的癌样状态。本发明基于以下发现：癌和非癌组织的可见发光光谱基本上不同，并且差异使得可以使用来自组织的可见发光来检测癌症的存在。

135. 发明授权

US4659921A Ultrafast gated light detector 失效
标题翻译：超快门控光检测器
公开(公告)号：US4659921A
公开(公告)日：1987-04-21
申请号：US585242
申请日：1984-03-01
申请人： Robert R. Alfano
发明人： Robert R. Alfano
IPC分类号： H01J43/04 , H01J31/50
CPC分类号： H01J43/04
摘要： A light detector which can be gated on and off over an ultrashort time window, such as in picoseconds or femtoseconds, is disclosed. The light detector includes, in one embodiment, an input slit for receiving a light signal, relay optics, a sweep generator and a tubular housing, the tubular housing having therein a photocathode, an accelerating mesh, a pair of sweeping electrodes, a microchannel plate, a variable aperture and a dynode chain. Light received at the input slit is imaged by the relay optics onto the photocathode. Electrons emitted by the photocathode are conducted by the accelerating mesh to the sweeping electrodes where they are swept transversely across the tubular housing at a rate defined by the sweep generator over an angular distance defined by the sweeping electrodes, in a similar manner as in a streak camera. Swept electrons strike the microchannel plate where electron multiplication is accomplished. Exiting electrons which pass through the variable aperture and which strike the first dynode (cathode) in the dynode chain are further multiplied and outputted from the last dynode anode in the dynode chain as an analog electrical signal, the analog electrical signal corresponding to the intensity of the light signal during the time window over which swept electrons are picked up by the first dynode. In another embodiment of the invention all of the dynodes in the chain except for the last dynode are replaced by a second microchannel plate.
摘要翻译：公开了一种可以在超短时间窗口上进行门控的光检测器，例如皮秒或飞秒。在一个实施例中，光检测器包括用于接收光信号的输入狭缝，中继光学器件，扫描发生器和管状壳体，其中具有光电阴极，加速网，一对扫掠电极，微通道板，可变孔径和倍增极链。在输入狭缝处接收的光被中继光学器件成像到光电阴极上。由光电阴极发射的电子通过加速网络进行到扫掠电极，在扫掠电极处，扫掠电极以扫描发生器在由扫掠电极限定的角距离上限定的速率横跨管状壳体扫掠，以与条纹相似的方式相机。扫描电子撞击实现电子倍增的微通道板。通过可变孔径并且与倍增极链中的第一倍增极（阴极）相撞的电子被进一步乘法并作为模拟电信号从倍增极链中的最后的倍增极阳极输出，模拟电信号对应于在第一倍增电极拾取扫描电子的时间窗内的光信号。在本发明的另一个实施例中，链中除了最后一个倍增电极之外的所有倍增电极都被第二微通道板替代。

136. 发明授权

US4290433A Method and apparatus for detecting the presence of caries in teeth using visible luminescence 失效
标题翻译：用于使用可见发光检测牙齿中龋齿的存在的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4290433A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-22
申请号：US067771
申请日：1979-08-20
申请人： Robert R. Alfano
发明人： Robert R. Alfano
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , A61C19/04 , G01N21/64 , A61B6/00
CPC分类号： A61B5/0088 , A61C19/04 , G01N21/64 , G01N2021/6421
摘要： A method and apparatus for detecting the presence of caries in human teeth using visible luminescence. A region to be examined is excited with a beam of monochromatic light. The intensity of the visible light emitted from the region is measured at two predetermined wavelengths, one where the intensity dependence of the spectra is about the same for caries and noncaries and the other where the relative intensity increases significantly in the presence of caries. A signal corresponding to the difference in the two intensities is obtained and then displayed. By first determining the magnitude of the difference signal at a nondecayed region, any increases in the magnitude as other regions are probed indicate the presence of caries. The invention is based on the discovery that the visible luminescence spectra for decayed and nondecayed regions of a human tooth are substantially different and that the differences are such that visible luminescence from teeth can be used to detect the presence of caries.
摘要翻译：一种用于使用可见发光检测人牙齿中龋齿的存在的方法和装置。被检查的区域被一束单色光激发。在两个预定波长处测量从该区域发射的可见光的强度，其中光谱的强度依赖性对于龋齿和非龋齿大致相同，另一个在龋齿存在时相对强度显着增加。获得与两个强度的差相对应的信号，然后显示。通过首先确定非预测区域的差异信号的大小，探测其它区域时的幅度的任何增加表示龋齿的存在。本发明基于以下发现：人牙齿的衰变和非破坏区域的可见发光光谱是显着不同的，并且差异使得可以使用来自牙齿的可见发光来检测龋齿的存在。

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