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    • 129. 发明专利
    • Improvements in shaft sinking
    • GB1041455A
    • 1966-09-07
    • GB1162564
    • 1964-03-19
    • MAURICE MAUCLET
    • E21D1/14E21D9/00E21D9/04
    • 1,041,455. Tunnelling. M. MAUCLET. March 19, 1964 [April 5, 1963], No. 11625/64. Heading E1F. A tunnel or a vertical shaft is bored by apparatus comprising a plurality of relatively movable telescopic caissons A, B and a shield C, mounting respectively freezers or injection needles 1, 2, 3 and means 4, 5 to drive them into the ground. Fig. 5 shows the apparatus with freezers 1, 2, 3 all driven into the wall of a shaft 10 and connected to refrigerant supply 7, packing 11 sealing between freezers. Freezers 1 and 2, 3 are of different design (Figs. 3, 4, not shown), freezers 1 freezing on their whole length, freezers 2, 3 at their ends only, and a basinshaped frozen mass D is formed whose thickness is controlled by pressure sensitive devices 12. Shield C is then opened, the non-frozen ground within basin D cut away (Fig. 6, not shown), caisson B advanced into the cavity by hydraulic jacks bearing on caisson A, and shield C re-closed (Fig. 8, not shown). Hot water is subsequently passed through the freezers and caisson A advanced by jacks (14) (Fig. 9, not shown), bearing on the opposite wall of shaft 10. As further steps are performed, caisson A is sealed by packing (16) to a lining (15) which is formed in the tunnel being driven (Fig. 10, not shown). Instead of freezing the ground, needles 1, 2, 3 may inject cement or bitumen. Drills may form holes for needles or freezers 1, 2, 3 in ground too hard for cylinders 4, 5 to advance them. Three or more telescopic caissons may be employed.