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91. 发明授权

US08152900B2 Reactive gas detection in complex backgrounds 有权
标题翻译：复杂背景下的反应性气体检测
公开(公告)号：US08152900B2
公开(公告)日：2012-04-10
申请号：US12911666
申请日：2010-10-25
申请人： Xin Zhou , Xiang Liu , Alfred Feitisch , Gregory M. Sanger
发明人： Xin Zhou , Xiang Liu , Alfred Feitisch , Gregory M. Sanger
IPC分类号： B01D59/26
CPC分类号： G01N21/3504 , G01N2021/3545 , G01N2021/399 , G01N2201/1215
摘要： A differential absorption spectrum for a reactive gas in a gas mixture can be generated for sample absorption data by subtracting background absorption data set from the sample absorption data. The background absorption data can be characteristic of absorption characteristics of the background composition in a laser light scan range that includes a target wavelength. The differential absorption spectrum can be converted to a measured concentration of the reactive gas using calibration data. A determination can be made whether the background composition has substantially changed relative to the background absorption data, and new background absorption data can be used if the background composition has substantially changed. Related systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles are also described.
摘要翻译：可以通过从样品吸收数据中减去设置的背景吸收数据，为样品吸收数据产生气体混合物中的反应气体的差分吸收光谱。背景吸收数据可以是包括目标波长的激光扫描范围中背景组合物的吸收特性的特征。使用校准数据可以将差示吸收光谱转换为测量的反应气体浓度。可以确定背景组合物是否相对于背景吸收数据基本上改变，并且如果背景组合物已经基本上改变，则可以使用新的背景吸收数据。还描述了相关系统，装置，方法和/或制品。

92. 发明授权

US08078054B2 Apparatus and method for improving the tolerance of tone-based optical channel monitoring to stimulated Raman scattering 有权
标题翻译：用于提高基于色调的光通道监测对受激拉曼散射的容限的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US08078054B2
公开(公告)日：2011-12-13
申请号：US12164253
申请日：2008-06-30
申请人： Song Jiang , Colin Kelly , Xiang Liu , Derrick Remedios
发明人： Song Jiang , Colin Kelly , Xiang Liu , Derrick Remedios
IPC分类号： H04J14/02 , H04B10/08
CPC分类号： H04J14/0221 , H04B10/0775 , H04B2210/075 , H04J14/0227 , H04J14/0258 , H04J14/0276 , H04J14/0298
摘要： For wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) communications, apparatus and methods are provided for performing tone-based optical channel monitoring that is less sensitive to stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). In tone-based optical channel monitoring, in which WDM channels are modulated with one or more tones, detecting and measuring the tone power is commonly used as a measure of signal power in each channel. In WDM systems with long fiber spans and high signal powers, however, SRS tends to transfer energy from shorter wavelengths to longer wavelengths, whereby the tones are no longer accurately indicative of the signal power of the individual wavelength channels. Apparatus and methods are provided which reduce the effect of SRS by filtering the monitored WDM signals into sub-bands and detecting each sub-band independently.
摘要翻译：对于波分复用（WDM）通信，提供了用于执行对受激拉曼散射（SRS）较不敏感的基于色调的光信道监视的装置和方法。在基于音调的光信道监视中，其中WDM信道用一个或多个音调进行调制，检测和测量音调功率通常用作每个信道中信号功率的度量。然而，在具有长光纤跨距和高信号功率的WDM系统中，SRS倾向于将能量从较短波长传输到较长波长，由此音调不再准确地指示各个波长信道的信号功率。提供了通过将监视的WDM信号滤波成子带并独立地检测每个子带来降低SRS的影响的装置和方法。

93. 发明授权

US07822350B2 Reconstruction and restoration of two polarization components of an optical signal field 有权
标题翻译：重建和恢复光信号场的两个偏振分量
公开(公告)号：US07822350B2
公开(公告)日：2010-10-26
申请号：US12151927
申请日：2008-05-09
申请人： Xiang Liu
发明人： Xiang Liu
IPC分类号： H04B10/00
CPC分类号： H04B10/60 , H04B10/2513 , H04B10/67 , H04B10/677 , H04B10/69
摘要： Digital compensation of the polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) effects experienced by an optical signal in a transmission link is achieved. A digital representation of the optical fields of two orthogonal polarization components of an optical signal, defined by a polarization beam splitter (PBS), is first obtained. The fiber transmission link is treated as a concatenation of multiple virtual PMD segments, each having two specific principle-state-of-polarization (PSP) axes and causing a differential group-delay (DGD) and a phase delay between two signal components that are polarized along the two PSP axes. The best guesses of the parameters of the PMD segments and the relative orientation between the PSP axes of the last PMD segment and the characteristic polarization axes of the PBS are dynamically obtained. The digital representation of at least one generic component of the field of the optical signal is then computed through matrix operations by using the best guesses.
摘要翻译：实现了传输链路中光信号所经历的偏振模色散（PMD）效应的数字补偿。首先获得由偏振分束器（PBS）限定的光信号的两个正交偏振分量的光场的数字表示。光纤传输链路被视为多个虚拟PMD段的级联，每个虚拟PMD段具有两个特定的原理偏振态（PSP）轴，并导致差分组延迟（DGD）和两个信号分量之间的相位延迟沿着两个PSP轴极化。动态地获得PMD段的参数和最后PMD段的PSP轴与PBS的特征极化轴之间的相对取向的最佳猜测。然后通过使用最佳猜测的矩阵运算来计算光信号的场的至少一个通用分量的数字表示。

94. 发明申请

US20100178056A1 Multi-wavelength coherent receiver with a shared optical hybrid and a multi-wavelength Local Oscillator 有权
标题翻译：具有共享光混合和多波长局部振荡器的多波长相干接收机
公开(公告)号：US20100178056A1
公开(公告)日：2010-07-15
申请号：US12319777
申请日：2009-01-12
申请人： Xiang Liu
发明人： Xiang Liu
IPC分类号： H04J14/06 , H04J14/02
CPC分类号： H04B10/614 , H04B10/61 , H04B10/611 , H04B10/613
摘要： An exemplary apparatus for digital coherent detection of a multi-wavelength signal includes a polarization-diversity optical hybrid, at least four Wavelength De-Multiplexing (W-DMUX) filters, 4M detectors, and 4M analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), with M an integer greater than one. The hybrid has a first input for receiving a multi-wavelength signal including M sub-channels at different wavelengths, and a second input for receiving a reference light source including M continuous-wave references at different wavelengths that approximates center wavelengths of the M sub-channels. The hybrid has at least four outputs. A W-DMUX input for each W-DMUX filter is provided a corresponding one of the hybrid outputs, and each W-DMUX filter provides M filtered optical channel outputs. Each detector converts at least one of the filtered channel outputs into a corresponding electrical signal. Each ADC converts one of the electrical signals into a corresponding digital signal. The corresponding digital signals represent the M sub-channels.
摘要翻译：用于多波长信号的数字相干检测的示例性装置包括偏振分集光混合器，至少四个波分复用（W-DMUX）滤波器，4M检测器和4M模数转换器（ADC）， M为大于1的整数。该混合器具有用于接收包括不同波长的M个子信道的多波长信号的第一输入端和用于接收包括M个不同波长的M个连续波参考的参考光源的第二输入，该参考光源近似于M个子通道的中心波长，频道混合动力具有至少四个输出。每个W-DMUX滤波器的W-DMUX输入端提供相应的一个混合输出，每个W-DMUX滤波器提供M个滤波后的光信道输出。每个检测器将至少一个滤波的通道输出转换成相应的电信号。每个ADC将一个电信号转换成相应的数字信号。相应的数字信号表示M个子通道。

95. 发明授权

US07613402B2 Duobinary receiver 有权
标题翻译：二元接收器
公开(公告)号：US07613402B2
公开(公告)日：2009-11-03
申请号：US10730413
申请日：2003-12-08
申请人： Xiang Liu , Lothar Benedict Erhard Josef Moeller , Xing Wei , Chongjin Xie
发明人： Xiang Liu , Lothar Benedict Erhard Josef Moeller , Xing Wei , Chongjin Xie
IPC分类号： H04B10/06
CPC分类号： H04L25/068 , H04B10/69 , H04L7/042 , H04L25/4923
摘要： An optical receiver adapted to process an optical duobinary signal received over a transmission link in an optical communication system. In one embodiment, the receiver has an optical-to-electrical signal converter coupled to a decoder. The decoder processes an electrical signal generated by the converter to generate a bit sequence corresponding to the optical signal. To generate a bit value, the decoder integrates the electrical signal using a sampling window and compares the integration result with a decision threshold value. In one configuration, the width of the sampling window and the decision threshold value are selected based on the eye diagram and noise distribution function, respectively, corresponding to the optical signal. Advantageously, embodiments of the present invention improve overall back-to-back (i.e., source-to-destination) system performance, e.g., by improving dispersion tolerance and/or reducing optical power corresponding to a selected bit error rate value.
摘要翻译：一种适于处理在光通信系统中通过传输链路接收的光双二进制信号的光接收机。在一个实施例中，接收机具有耦合到解码器的光电信号转换器。解码器处理由转换器产生的电信号以产生对应于光信号的比特序列。为了产生位值，解码器使用采样窗口对电信号进行积分，并将积分结果与判定阈值进行比较。在一种配置中，分别基于对应于光信号的眼图和噪声分布函数来选择采样窗口的宽度和判定阈值。有利地，本发明的实施例例如通过改善对应于所选位错误率值的色散容限和/或减少光功率来改进整体背靠背（即源到目的地）系统性能。

96. 发明申请

US20090044079A1 RATE-ADAPTIVE FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION FOR OPTICAL TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 有权
标题翻译：光传输系统的自适应前向纠错校正
公开(公告)号：US20090044079A1
公开(公告)日：2009-02-12
申请号：US11834169
申请日：2007-08-06
申请人： Adriaan J. de Lind Van Wijngaarden , Randy C. Giles , Steven K. Korotky , Xiang Liu
发明人： Adriaan J. de Lind Van Wijngaarden , Randy C. Giles , Steven K. Korotky , Xiang Liu
IPC分类号： H03M13/00
CPC分类号： H04L1/0009 , H04L1/0015
摘要： An optical transport system (OTS) having a plurality of optical transponders (OTs) connected via one or more optical links and adapted to communicate with one another using respective rate-adaptive forward-error-correction (FEC) codes. In one embodiment, the OTS has a rate control unit (RCU) adapted to configure the OTs to dynamically adjust the rates of the FEC codes based on an estimated performance margin for each link between two respective communicating OTs to optimize the overall capacity of the OTS while maintaining an adequate, but not excessive, overall system margin.
摘要翻译：具有经由一个或多个光链路连接并且适于使用相应的速率自适应前向纠错（FEC）码相互通信的多个光转发器（OT）的光传输系统（OTS）。在一个实施例中，OTS具有速率控制单元（RCU），其适于配置OT以基于两个相应通信OT之间的每个链路的估计性能裕度动态地调整FEC码的速率，以优化OTS的总体容量同时保持足够而不是过度的整体系统利润。

97. 发明申请

US20090028209A1 Energy Meter For Mixed Streams Of Combustible Compounds 有权
标题翻译：用于可燃化合物混合流的能量计
公开(公告)号：US20090028209A1
公开(公告)日：2009-01-29
申请号：US12181239
申请日：2008-07-28
申请人： Alfred Feitisch , Xiang Liu , Xin Zhou , Dale Langham , Charles F. Cook
发明人： Alfred Feitisch , Xiang Liu , Xin Zhou , Dale Langham , Charles F. Cook
IPC分类号： G01K17/02 , G01N21/59
CPC分类号： G01N21/39 , G01N21/3504 , G01N21/75 , G01N2021/399 , Y10T436/20 , Y10T436/204998
摘要： An energy content meter can spectroscopically quantify oxidation products after oxidation of a combustible mixture. The measured oxidation product concentrations or mole fractions can be converted to an energy content of the un-oxidized combustible mixture using a conversion factor that relates oxygen consumption during oxidation of the combustible mixture to the energy content of the combustible mixture.
摘要翻译：能量含量计可以对可燃混合物氧化后的氧化产物进行光谱定量。测量的氧化产物浓度或摩尔分数可以转化为未氧化的可燃混合物的能量含量，该转换因子将可燃混合物的氧化期间的氧消耗量与可燃混合物的能量含量相关联。

98. 发明申请

US20080225296A1 Pressure-invariant trace gas detection 有权
标题翻译：压力不变痕量气体检测
公开(公告)号：US20080225296A1
公开(公告)日：2008-09-18
申请号：US11724665
申请日：2007-03-14
申请人： Xiang Liu , Xin Zhou , Alfred Feitisch , Greg Sanger
发明人： Xiang Liu , Xin Zhou , Alfred Feitisch , Greg Sanger
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/39 , G01J3/433 , G01N21/3504 , G01N2021/3513 , G01N2021/354 , G01N2021/399 , G01N2201/1218
摘要： A system includes a light source, a detector, at least one pressure sensor, and a control unit. The light source emits light at a wavelength substantially corresponding to an absorption line of a target gas. The detector is positioned to detect the intensity of light emitted from the light source that has passed through the target gas. The pressure sensor detects the pressure of the target gas. The control circuit is coupled to the detector and the light source to adjust the modulation amplitude of the light source based on the pressure detected by the at least one pressure sensor. Related systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles are also described.
摘要翻译：系统包括光源，检测器，至少一个压力传感器和控制单元。光源以基本对应于目标气体的吸收线的波长发射光。检测器被定位成检测从已经通过目标气体的光源发射的光的强度。压力传感器检测目标气体的压力。控制电路耦合到检测器和光源，以基于由至少一个压力传感器检测到的压力来调节光源的调制幅度。还描述了相关系统，装置，方法和/或制品。

99. 发明申请

US20080154931A1 System and Method for Automated Layout of Collaboratively Selected Images 有权
标题翻译：协同选择图像自动布局的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20080154931A1
公开(公告)日：2008-06-26
申请号：US12017280
申请日：2008-01-21
申请人： Lawrence Jacobs , Shehzaad Nakhoda , Xiang Liu , Tie Zhong , Fredric Scott Goell
发明人： Lawrence Jacobs , Shehzaad Nakhoda , Xiang Liu , Tie Zhong , Fredric Scott Goell
IPC分类号： G06F7/08 , G06F17/30
CPC分类号： H04L67/22 , H04L67/306 , Y10S707/913
摘要： A system and method for automated layout of collaboratively selected images within a compilation for printing, viewing, etc. The images may be drawn from any number of albums owned by various users, and have associated rankings reflecting the users' behavior regarding the images (e.g., viewing, printing, recommending). Some number of images is selected for the compilation (e.g., the highest ranked images) and the images are arranged into chapters that correspond to the albums in which they are located. Within each chapter, images are ordered by time and grouped into clusters of related images (e.g., close in time, same event, same subject). Page templates are used to determine how many images to place on a page, and may be designed or redesigned so that the prominence (e.g., size) of each image corresponds to its ranking. The chapters, pages and/or images may be augmented with titles or captions.
摘要翻译：用于在用于打印，查看等的汇编中的协同选择的图像的自动布局的系统和方法。可以从各种用户拥有的任何数量的相册中绘制图像，并且具有反映用户对图像的行为的相关排名（例如，查看，打印，推荐）。选择一些数量的图像用于编辑（例如，最高排名的图像），并且将图像排列成与它们所位于的相册对应的章节。在每章中，图像按时间排序并分组成相关图像的簇（例如，在时间上相同的事件，相同的对象）。页面模板用于确定在页面上放置多少图像，并且可以被设计或重新设计，使得每个图像的突出（例如，大小）对应于其排名。章节，页面和/或图像可能会增加标题或标题。

100. 发明申请

US20080066676A1 Heating apparatus with enhanced thermal uniformity and method for making thereof 有权
标题翻译：具有增强的热均匀性的加热装置及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：US20080066676A1
公开(公告)日：2008-03-20
申请号：US11549968
申请日：2006-10-16
申请人： John Mariner , Ajit Sane , Toshiki Ebata , Marc Schaepkens , Xiang Liu , Wei Fan
发明人： John Mariner , Ajit Sane , Toshiki Ebata , Marc Schaepkens , Xiang Liu , Wei Fan
IPC分类号： C23C16/00
CPC分类号： C23C16/4586 , H01L21/67103
摘要： A heating apparatus for regulating/controlling the surface temperature of a substrate is provided. At least a thermal pyrolytic graphite (TPG) layer is embedded in the heater to diffuse the temperature difference of the various components in the heating apparatus and provide temporal and spatial control of the surface temperature of the substrate, for a relatively uniform substrate temperature with the difference between the maximum and minimum temperature points on the substrate of less than 10° C.
摘要翻译：提供一种用于调节/控制基板的表面温度的加热装置。至少一个热解石墨（TPG）层嵌入在加热器中以扩散加热装置中的各种组分的温度差，并提供衬底的表面温度的时间和空间控制，对于相对均匀的衬底温度，基板上最大和最小温度点之间的差值小于10°C

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