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91. 发明授权

US6006001A Fiberoptic assembly useful in optical spectroscopy 失效
标题翻译：光纤组件可用于光谱学
公开(公告)号：US6006001A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-21
申请号：US982332
申请日：1997-12-02
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Stavros G. Demos , Gang Zhang
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Stavros G. Demos , Gang Zhang
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , G02B6/04 , G02B6/24
CPC分类号： G02B6/241 , A61B5/0059 , G02B6/04
摘要： A fiberoptic assembly for optical spectroscopic analysis of a sample. In a preferred embodiment, the assembly is well-suited for use inside the working channel of an endoscope and comprises a tubular outer jacket and a tubular inner jacket, the inner jacket being coaxial with and positioned inside the outer jacket. The open front end of the inner jacket is spaced rearwardly a short distance relative to the open front end of the outer jacket. The outer jacket has an outer diameter of approximately 2.2 mm. The assembly also includes a plug made of fused silica. The plug has a front cylindrical portion of comparatively large cross-sectional diameter and a rear cylindrical portion of comparatively small cross-sectional diameter. The front portion is mounted within the outer jacket by a friction-fit and extends longitudinally from the open front end thereof to the open front end of the inner jacket. The rear portion of the plug is mounted within the inner jacket by a friction-fit and extends rearwardly from its open front end for a short distance. A narrow-band filter in the form of a dielectric-coating is formed on the rear end of the rear portion of the plug. The assembly also includes an illumination fiber centered within the inner jacket and spaced rearwardly a short distance from the narrow-band filter. The output end of the illumination filter is shaped to collimate light emergent therefrom. The assembly additionally comprises a plurality of light collection fibers, which fibers are disposed within the outer tubular jacket and are spaced about the outside of the inner tubular jacket.
摘要翻译：用于光谱分析样品的光纤组件。在优选实施例中，该组件非常适合于在内窥镜的工作通道内部使用，并且包括管状外护套和管状内护套，内护套与外护套同轴并位于外护套内。内护套的开放前端相对于外护套的敞开前端向后隔开一短距离。外护套的外径约为2.2mm。组件还包括由熔融石英制成的塞子。插头具有比较大的横截面直径的前圆柱形部分和相对较小横截面直径的后圆柱形部分。前部通过摩擦配合安装在外护套内，并从其敞开的前端纵向延伸到内护套的敞开的前端。插头的后部通过摩擦配合安装在内护套内，并从其敞开的前端向后延伸短距离。在插头后部的后端形成电介质涂层形式的窄带滤波器。该组件还包括以内护套为中心并与窄带过滤器相隔一定距离的照明纤维。照明滤光器的输出端被成形为使从其出射的光准直。组件还包括多个聚光纤维，该纤维布置在外部管状护套内并且围绕内部管状护套的外部间隔开。

92. 发明授权

US5813988A Time-resolved diffusion tomographic imaging in highly scattering turbid media 失效
标题翻译：在高散射混浊介质中的时间分辨扩散断层成像
公开(公告)号：US5813988A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-29
申请号：US618471
申请日：1996-03-18
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Wei Cai , Feng Liu , Melvin Lax , Bidyut B. Das
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Wei Cai , Feng Liu , Melvin Lax , Bidyut B. Das
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , G01N21/47
CPC分类号： A61B5/0073 , G01N21/4795 , A61B5/0091
摘要： A method for imaging objects in highly scattering turbid media. According to one embodiment of the invention, the method involves using a plurality of intersecting source/detectors sets and time-resolving equipment to generate a plurality of time-resolved intensity curves for the diffusive component of light emergent from the medium. For each of the curves, the intensities at a plurality of times are then inputted into the following inverse reconstruction algorithm to form an image of the medium: X.sup.(k+1).spsp.T =�Y.sup.T W+X.sup.(k).spsp.T .LAMBDA.!�W.sup.T W+.LAMBDA.!.sup.-1 wherein W is a matrix relating output at detector position r.sub.d, at time t, to source at position r.sub.s, .LAMBDA. is a regularization matrix, chosen for convenience to be diagonal, but selected in a way related to the ratio of the noise, to fluctuations in the absorption (or diffusion) X.sub.j that we are trying to determine: .LAMBDA..sub.ij =.lambda..sub.j .delta..sub.ij with .lambda..sub.j = / Here Y is the data collected at the detectors, and X.sup.k is the kth iterate toward the desired absoption information.
摘要翻译：一种用于在高散射混浊介质中成像物体的方法。根据本发明的一个实施例，该方法包括使用多个相交的源/检测器组和时间分辨设备来产生用于从介质出射的光的漫射分量的多个时间分辨强度曲线。对于每个曲线，多个时间的强度然后被输入到以下逆重建算法中以形成介质的图像：X（k + 1）T = [YTW + X（k）T LAMBDA] [WTW + LAMBDA] -1其中W是将检测器位置rd，时间t处的输出与位置rs处的源相关的矩阵，LAMBDA是为了方便对角线选择的正则化矩阵，但是以与噪声，nn>我们试图确定的吸收（或扩散）Xj的波动：LAMBDA ij = lambda j delta ij与lambda j = / 这里Y是在检测器和Xk是朝向期望的吸收信息的第k次迭代。

93. 发明授权

US5656810A Method and apparatus for evaluating the composition of an oil sample 失效
标题翻译：用于评估油样品组成的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5656810A
公开(公告)日：1997-08-12
申请号：US155450
申请日：1993-11-22
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Cheng H. Liu
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Cheng H. Liu
IPC分类号： G01N21/64
CPC分类号： G01N21/64 , G01N2021/6423
摘要： A method and apparatus for evaluating the composition of an oil sample. The method and apparatus are premised on the discovery that spectral differences can be observed in the luminescence, excitation, light scattering and absorption spectra in the near UV, visible and near IR regions for various crude oil components, such as asphaltenes, deasphalted crude oil and organic solid residues. Accordingly, in one preferred embodiment the method comprises illuminating an oil sample with light of a suitable excitation wavelength, measuring the resultant fluorescence therefrom and comparing the resultant fluorescence to appropriate standards derived from known components of crude oil.
摘要翻译：用于评估油样的组成的方法和装置。该方法和装置的前提是发现在各种原油组分如沥青质，脱沥青原油和近红外，可见光和近红外区域的发光，激发，光散射和吸收光谱中可以观察到光谱差异，有机固体残留物。因此，在一个优选实施方案中，该方法包括用合适的激发波长的光照射油样品，测量所得到的荧光，并将得到的荧光与源自原油已知组分的合适的标准进行比较。

94. 发明授权

US5474910A Method and device for detecting biological molecules and/or microorganisms within a desired area or space 失效
标题翻译：用于检测所需区域或空间内的生物分子和/或微生物的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5474910A
公开(公告)日：1995-12-12
申请号：US136402
申请日：1993-10-15
申请人： Robert R. Alfano
发明人： Robert R. Alfano
IPC分类号： C12Q1/04 , G01J3/44 , G01N21/64 , G01N21/00 , H01L21/306
CPC分类号： G01N21/6486 , C12Q1/04 , G01J3/4406 , Y10S250/91
摘要： A method and device for detecting fluorescent biological molecules and/or microorganisms containing said fluorescent biological molecules within a given area or space. The method comprises illuminating an area or space with light of a suitable wavelength to excite the fluorescent biological molecules and then measuring the resultant fluorescent light from the illuminated area or space at a wavelength indicative of fluorescence of the fluorescent biological molecules. The invention can also be used to detect changes in the levels of such biological molecules and/or microorganisms within a given area or space by illuminating the area or space at two different times, measuring the resultant fluorescence after each illumination and comparing the respective fluorescence measurements. The present invention is also directed to a hand-held device for in vivo inspection of desired areas or spaces.
摘要翻译：一种用于在给定区域或空间内检测含有所述荧光生物分子的荧光生物分子和/或微生物的方法和装置。该方法包括用适当波长的光照射面积或空间以激发荧光生物分子，然后以指示荧光生物分子的荧光的波长测量从被照射区域或空间得到的荧光。本发明还可以用于通过在两个不同时间点亮该区域或空间来检测给定区域或空间内的这些生物分子和/或微生物的水平的变化，测量每次照射之后的所得荧光，并比较各自的荧光测量值。本发明还涉及用于体内检查所需区域或空间的手持装置。

95. 发明授权

US5371368A Ultrafast optical imaging of objects in a scattering medium 失效
标题翻译：物体在散射介质中的超快光学成像
公开(公告)号：US5371368A
公开(公告)日：1994-12-06
申请号：US920193
申请日：1992-07-23
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Ping-Pei Ho , Leming Wang
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Ping-Pei Ho , Leming Wang
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , G01N21/47 , G01N21/49
CPC分类号： A61B5/0091 , A61B5/4312 , G01N21/4795 , A61B5/7257 , G01N2021/4797
摘要： A system for imaging an object in or behind a highly scattering medium includes a laser for illuminating the highly scattering medium with a beam of light. The light emerging from the highly scattering medium consists of a ballistic component, a snake-like component and a diffuse component. A 4F Fourier imaging system with a Kerr gate located at 2F is used to form a time-space gated image of the emerging light, the time-space gated image consisting primarily of the ballistic component and the snake-like component.
摘要翻译：用于在高度散射介质中或其后成像物体的系统包括用于以光束照射高散射介质的激光器。从高度散射介质出射的光由弹道组件，蛇形部件和漫射部件组成。使用位于2F的克尔门的4F傅立叶成像系统来形成主要由弹道组件和蛇形部件组成的时空门控图像。

96. 发明授权

US5227912A Multiple-stage optical Kerr gate system 失效
标题翻译：多级光学凯瑞门系统
公开(公告)号：US5227912A
公开(公告)日：1993-07-13
申请号：US784220
申请日：1991-10-30
申请人： Ping-Pei Ho , Robert R. Alfano
发明人： Ping-Pei Ho , Robert R. Alfano
IPC分类号： G02F1/01 , G02F1/35
CPC分类号： G02F1/3515 , G02F1/3511 , G02F2203/26 , Y10S372/70
摘要： A multiple-stage optical Kerr gate system for gating a probe pulse of light. In a first embodiment, the system includes at least two optical Kerr gates, each Kerr gate including a polarizer, an optical Kerr cell actuable by a pump pulse, and an analyzer. In a second embodiment, at least one of the Kerr cells may be eliminated by arranging the respective sets of polarizers and analyzers so that they share a common Kerr cell. Gated pulses obtained using the present system typically have a signal to noise ratio that is at least 500 times better than that for gated pulses obtained using a single optical Kerr gate system. The system of the present invention may also include means for causing the pump pulse to arrive at the second Kerr cell (in the case of the first embodiment) or at a single Kerr cell a second time (in the case of the second embodiment) non-synchronously with the arrival of the probe pulse thereat. In this manner, gated pulses may be obtained that are much shorter in duration than pulses gated with a single optical Kerr gate system.

97. 发明授权

US5142372A Three-dimensional optical imaging of semi-transparent and opaque objects using ultrashort light pulses, a streak camera and a coherent fiber bundle 失效
标题翻译：使用超短光脉冲的半透明和不透明物体的三维光学成像，条纹相机和相干光纤束
公开(公告)号：US5142372A
公开(公告)日：1992-08-25
申请号：US489941
申请日：1990-03-08
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Ping-Pei Ho
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Ping-Pei Ho
IPC分类号： H04N5/30
CPC分类号： H04N5/30
摘要： An apparatus for producing a 3-dimensional image of semi-transparent object or of a opaque object in a semi-transparent media includes a picosecond or a femtosecond laser, a streak camera, a coherent fiber bundle, a video camera and a computer. The apparatus provides a unique nondestructive and non-invasive diagnostic way for detecting, for example, objects hidden in semi-opaque media. The laser is used to produce an ultrashort light pulse. The coherent fiber bundle is used to convert the 2-dim spatial image that is produced (i.e. scattered or fluorescence light from a 3-dim object illuminated with the ultrashort laser pulse) into a 1-dim line image which is fed into the input slit of the streak camera and then time resolved by the streak camera. The video camera is used to record the 2-dim output (1-dim from input image and 1-dim of the streak time) from the streak camera. The output of the video camera is fed into the computer. In the computer 2-dim data elements are reconstructed into a 3-dim image and then displayed on a monitor. This apparatus essentially converts a streak camera into the equivalent of a framing camera with continuous time imaging capability.
摘要翻译：用于在半透明介质中制造半透明物体或不透明物体的三维图像的装置包括皮秒或飞秒激光，条纹相机，相干光纤束，摄像机和计算机。该装置提供用于检测例如隐藏在半不透明介质中的物体的独特的非破坏性和非侵入性诊断方法。激光用于产生超短光脉冲。相干光纤束用于将所产生的2维空间图像（即，用超短激光脉冲照射的3维物体的散射光或荧光）转换成被输入到输入狭缝中的1-dim线图像的条纹相机，然后由条纹相机时间解决。摄像机用于从条纹摄像机记录2路输出（输入图像为1微米，条纹时间为1微米）。摄像机的输出被馈送到计算机。在计算机中，将2-dim数据元素重建成3-dim图像，然后显示在监视器上。该装置基本上将条纹相机转换成具有连续时间成像能力的相框。

98. 发明授权

US5140463A Method and apparatus for improving the signal to noise ratio of an image formed of an object hidden in or behind a semi-opaque random media 失效
标题翻译：用于改善信号的噪声比的方法和装置，用于隐藏对象或隐藏在半自动随机媒体中的图像的噪声比
公开(公告)号：US5140463A
公开(公告)日：1992-08-18
申请号：US489942
申请日：1990-03-08
申请人： Kwong M. Yoo , Robert R. Alfano
发明人： Kwong M. Yoo , Robert R. Alfano
IPC分类号： A61B10/00 , G01N21/17 , G01N21/47 , G06T1/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/4795 , G01N2021/177 , G01N2021/178 , G01N2021/1791 , G01N2201/0697
摘要： The quality of image of an object hidden inside a highly scattering semi-opaque disordered medium is improved by using space gate imaging or time gate imaging or space time gate imaging. In space gate imaging, a small segment of the object is illuminated at a time. The scattered light is passed through a spatial noise filter. On the image plane, an aperture is open at the position of the image segment which correspond to the segment of the illuminated object. A full image is obtained by scanning the object segment by segment and simultaneously recording the signal at the corresponding image segment. In time gate imaging, the unscattered (i.e. ballistic) portion of the pulse which contains the information of the image is temporally separated from the other (i.e. scattered) portions which contains the noise using a ultrafast laser pulse and temporal gating devices. The technique is in space-time gate imaging, the two techniques are combined to produce an image with a much higher signal to noise ratio. The time separation between the ballistic and scattered light may be increased by increasing thickness of random medium or by introducing small scatters into the random medium so as to make the medium more random. The signal to noise ratio can also be increased by making the random medium less random (so that there will be less scattered light). In addition, the signal to noise ratio can be increased by introducing an absorbing dye into the medium or by using a wavelength for the light which is in the absorption spectrum of the random medium or by making the medium more ordered (i.e. less random) or by using a pair of parallel polarizers.

99. 发明授权

US4931704A Ultrafast sampling oscilloscope 失效
标题翻译：超快采样示波器
公开(公告)号：US4931704A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-05
申请号：US281679
申请日：1988-12-09
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Ardie D. Walser
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Ardie D. Walser
IPC分类号： G01R13/34 , H01J43/08 , H01J43/30
CPC分类号： H01J43/30 , G01R13/34 , H01J43/08
摘要： A femtosecond sampling oscilloscope includes a femtosecond laser for generating a pulse of light in the femtosecond range and a beam splitter for splitting the pulse of light into pulses traveling along first and second beam paths. A photoconductive switch disposed along the first beam path is used to produce an electrical stimulus output at a first output port, an electrical pulse output at a second output port and an optical output at a third output port. A photomultiplier tube having a strip line photocathode receives the pulse of light traveling along the first beam path. An input port is coupled to the photocathode. In use, the output signal at one of the output ports is connected to a test device producing a test voltage signal which is applied to the input port. When the test voltage signal and the light pulse traveling along the second path intersect on the photocathode in space and time, an electrical signal output is produced at the photomultiplier tube. The output is processed and/or stored in a computer and then, when desired, displayed on a cathode ray tube.
摘要翻译：飞秒采样示波器包括用于产生飞秒范围内的脉冲的飞秒激光器，以及用于将光脉冲分成沿第一和第二光束路径行进的脉冲的分束器。沿着第一光束路径设置的感光开关用于在第一输出端口处产生电刺激输出，在第二输出端口处产生电脉冲输出，在第三输出端口产生光输出。具有带状光电阴极的光电倍增管接收沿着第一光束路径行进的光的脉冲。输入端口耦合到光电阴极。在使用中，其中一个输出端口处的输出信号连接到产生测试电压信号的测试设备，该测试电压信号被施加到输入端口。当测试电压信号和沿着第二路径行进的光脉冲在空间和时间上在光电阴极上相交时，在光电倍增管处产生电信号输出。将输出处理和/或存储在计算机中，然后在需要时显示在阴极射线管上。

100. 发明授权

US4479499A Method and apparatus for detecting the presence of caries in teeth using visible light 失效
标题翻译：用于使用可见光检测牙齿中龋齿的存在的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4479499A
公开(公告)日：1984-10-30
申请号：US343874
申请日：1982-01-29
申请人： Robert R. Alfano
发明人： Robert R. Alfano
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , G01N21/64 , A61B6/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/6486 , A61B5/0088 , G01N2021/6421 , G01N2021/6484
摘要： A method and apparatus for detecting the presence of caries in human teeth using visible light. The tooth is exposed to light of relatively narrow bandwidths. The light from the tooth is preferably examined by two photomultipliers or visually each examining a different wavelength. Caries are detected when the difference in the intensity of the light from the tooth at those two wavelengths changes in a predetermined manner.
摘要翻译：一种用于使用可见光检测人牙齿中龋齿的存在的方法和装置。牙齿暴露于相对较窄带宽的光。来自牙齿的光优选地由两个光电倍增管或视觉上检查不同波长检查。当这两个波长的光的光强度的差异以预定的方式改变时，检测到龋齿。

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