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    • 3. 发明授权
    • Fuel cell having a stabilized cathode catalyst
    • 具有稳定的阴极催化剂的燃料电池
    • US08389175B2
    • 2013-03-05
    • US12867162
    • 2008-05-16
    • Minhua ShaoBelabbes MerzouguiPatrick L. HagansSusanne M. Opalka
    • Minhua ShaoBelabbes MerzouguiPatrick L. HagansSusanne M. Opalka
    • H01M4/02H01M4/36H01M4/92H01M8/00H01M8/10B01J23/00
    • H01M4/8647H01M4/921H01M8/086H01M8/1007H01M2008/1095Y02E60/521Y10S977/773Y10S977/775
    • A fuel cell (70) having an anode (72), a cathode (78) and an electrolyte (76) between the anode (72) and the cathode (78) includes a cathode catalyst (80) formed of a plurality of nanoparticles. Each nanoparticle (20) has a plurality of terraces (26) formed of platinum surface atoms (14), and a plurality of edge (28) and corner regions (29) formed of atoms from a second metal (30)—The cathode catalyst may be formed by combining a platinum nanoparticle with a metal salt in a solution. Ions from the second metal react with platinum and replace platinum atoms on the nanoparticle. The second metal atoms at the corner and edge regions of the nanoparticle, as well as at any surface defects, result in a more stable catalyst structure. In some embodiments, the fuel cell (70) is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the nanoparticles are tetrahedron-shaped. In some embodiments, the fuel cell (70) is a phosphoric acid fuel cell and the nanoparticles are cubic-shaped.
    • 在阳极(72)和阴极(78)之间具有阳极(72),阴极(78)和电解质(76)的燃料电池(70)包括由多个纳米颗粒形成的阴极催化剂(80)。 每个纳米颗粒(20)具有由铂表面原子(14)形成的多个梯田(26),以及由第二金属(30)的原子形成的多个边缘(28)和拐角区域(29)。阴极催化剂 可以通过将铂纳米颗粒与溶液中的金属盐组合而形成。 来自第二金属的离子与铂反应并且替换纳米颗粒上的铂原子。 在纳米颗粒的角落和边缘区域的第二个金属原子以及任何表面缺陷导致更稳定的催化剂结构。 在一些实施例中,燃料电池(70)是质子交换膜燃料电池,并且纳米颗粒是四面体形状。 在一些实施例中,燃料电池(70)是磷酸燃料电池,并且纳米颗粒是立方体形状。
    • 4. 发明授权
    • Stabilized platinum catalyst
    • 稳定的铂催化剂
    • US08304365B2
    • 2012-11-06
    • US12867153
    • 2008-05-16
    • Minhua ShaoBelabbes MerzouguiPatrick L. HagansSusanne M. Opalka
    • Minhua ShaoBelabbes MerzouguiPatrick L. HagansSusanne M. Opalka
    • B01J23/00H01M8/00
    • B01J35/0013B01J23/42B01J23/56B01J37/0226B01J37/347B01J37/348
    • A stabilized platinum nanoparticle has a core portion surrounded by a plurality of outer surfaces. The outer surfaces include terrace regions formed of platinum atoms, and edge and corner regions formed of atoms from a second metal. The stabilized nanoparticle may be formed by combining a platinum nanoparticle with a metal salt in a solution. Ions of the second metal react with platinum and replace platinum atoms on the nanoparticle. Platinum atoms from the edge and corner regions react with the second metal ions quicker than surface atoms from the terraces, due to a greater difference in electrode potential between the platinum atoms at the edge and corner regions, as compared to the second metal in the solution. The platinum nanoparticle may include surface defects, such as steps and kinks, which may also be replaced with atoms of the second metal. In an exemplary embodiment, the platinum nanoparticle is a cathode catalyst in an electro-chemical cell.
    • 稳定的铂纳米颗粒具有由多个外表面包围的芯部分。 外表面包括由铂原子形成的平台区域,以及由第二金属原子形成的边缘和拐角区域。 稳定的纳米颗粒可以通过将铂纳米颗粒与溶液中的金属盐组合而形成。 第二金属的离子与铂反应,并取代纳米颗粒上的铂原子。 由于与溶液中的第二金属相比,在边缘和拐角区域处的铂原子与边缘和角部区域上的铂原子之间的电极电位差异更大,所以来自边缘和角区域的铂原子与第二金属离子比来自梯田的表面原子更快地反应 。 铂纳米颗粒可以包括表面缺陷,例如步骤和扭结,其也可以被第二金属的原子替代。 在示例性实施方案中,铂纳米颗粒是电化学电池中的阴极催化剂。
    • 5. 发明申请
    • STABILIZED PLATINUM CATALYST
    • 稳定的铂催化剂
    • US20110143934A1
    • 2011-06-16
    • US12867153
    • 2008-05-16
    • Minhua ShaoBelabbes MerzouguiPatrick L. HagansSusanne M. Opalka
    • Minhua ShaoBelabbes MerzouguiPatrick L. HagansSusanne M. Opalka
    • B01J23/42B01J23/52B01J23/46B01J23/656B01J23/44B01J23/50B01J23/652B01J23/648B01J21/06B01J23/68B82Y30/00
    • B01J35/0013B01J23/42B01J23/56B01J37/0226B01J37/347B01J37/348
    • A stabilized platinum nanoparticle has a core portion surrounded by a plurality of outer surfaces. The outer surfaces include terrace regions formed of platinum atoms, and edge and corner regions formed of atoms from a second metal. The stabilized nanoparticle may be formed by combining a platinum nanoparticle with a metal salt in a solution. Ions of the second metal react with platinum and replace platinum atoms on the nanoparticle. Platinum atoms from the edge and corner regions react with the second metal ions quicker than surface atoms from the terraces, due to a greater difference in electrode potential between the platinum atoms at the edge and corner regions, as compared to the second metal in the solution. The platinum nanoparticle may include surface defects, such as steps and kinks, which may also be replaced with atoms of the second metal. In an exemplary embodiment, the platinum nanoparticle is a cathode catalyst in an electro-chemical cell.
    • 稳定的铂纳米颗粒具有由多个外表面包围的芯部分。 外表面包括由铂原子形成的平台区域,以及由第二金属原子形成的边缘和拐角区域。 稳定的纳米颗粒可以通过将铂纳米颗粒与溶液中的金属盐组合而形成。 第二金属的离子与铂反应,并取代纳米颗粒上的铂原子。 由于与溶液中的第二金属相比,在边缘和拐角区域处的铂原子与边缘和角部区域上的铂原子之间的电极电位差异更大,所以来自边缘和角区域的铂原子与第二金属离子比来自梯田的表面原子更快地反应 。 铂纳米颗粒可以包括表面缺陷,例如步骤和扭结,其也可以被第二金属的原子替代。 在示例性实施方案中,铂纳米颗粒是电化学电池中的阴极催化剂。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • Freeze tolerant fuel cell power plant with a two-component mixed coolant
    • 具有双组分混合冷却剂的耐冷燃料电池发电厂
    • US06979509B2
    • 2005-12-27
    • US10701987
    • 2003-11-05
    • Richard D. BreaultPatrick L. HagansJeremy A. Schrooten
    • Richard D. BreaultPatrick L. HagansJeremy A. Schrooten
    • H01M20060101H01M2/00H01M2/02H01M2/08H01M8/00H01M8/04H01M8/12
    • H01M8/04029
    • A freeze tolerant fuel cell power plant (10) includes at least one fuel cell (12), a coolant loop (42) having a porous water transport plate (44) secured in a heat and mass exchange relationship with the fuel cell (12) and a coolant pump (46) for circulating a coolant through the plate (44) and for transferring water into or out of the plate (44) with the coolant. A coolant heat exchanger (52) removes heat from the coolant, and an accumulator (66) stores the coolant and fuel cell product water and directs the product water out of the accumulator (66). The coolant is a two-component mixed coolant liquid circulating through the coolant loop (42) consisting of between 80 and 95 volume percent of a low freezing temperature water immiscible fluid component and between 5 and 20 volume percent of a water component.
    • 一种耐冷燃料电池发电厂(10)包括至少一个燃料电池(12),具有与燃料电池(12)以热交换关系固定的多孔水输送板(44)的冷却剂回路(42) 以及冷却剂泵(46),用于使冷却剂循环通过所述板(44)并且用冷却剂将水输送进出所述板(44)。 冷却剂热交换器(52)从冷却剂中除去热量,蓄能器(66)存储冷却剂和燃料电池产品水,并将产品水引导出蓄能器(66)。 冷却剂是循环通过冷却剂回路(42)的双组分混合冷却剂液体,其由80至95体积%的低冷冻温度水不混溶流体组分和5至20体积%的水组分组成。
    • 9. 发明申请
    • FUEL CELL HAVING A STABILIZED CATHODE CATALYST
    • 具有稳定的CATHODE催化剂的燃料电池
    • US20100316930A1
    • 2010-12-16
    • US12867162
    • 2008-05-16
    • Minhua ShaoBelabbes MerzouguiPatrick L. HagansSusanne M. Opalka
    • Minhua ShaoBelabbes MerzouguiPatrick L. HagansSusanne M. Opalka
    • H01M8/10H01M4/92
    • H01M4/8647H01M4/921H01M8/086H01M8/1007H01M2008/1095Y02E60/521Y10S977/773Y10S977/775
    • A fuel cell (70) having an anode (72), a cathode (78) and an electrolyte (76) between the anode (72) and the cathode (78) includes a cathode catalyst (80) formed of a plurality of nanoparticles. Each nanoparticle (20) has a plurality of terraces (26) formed of platinum surface atoms (14), and a plurality of edge (28) and corner regions (29) formed of atoms from a second metal (30)—The cathode catalyst may be formed by combining a platinum nanoparticle with a metal salt in a solution. Ions from the second metal react with platinum and replace platinum atoms on the nanoparticle. The second metal atoms at the corner and edge regions of the nanoparticle, as well as at any surface defects, result in a more stable catalyst structure. In some embodiments, the fuel cell (70) is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the nanoparticles are tetrahedron-shaped. In some embodiments, the fuel cell (70) is a phosphoric acid fuel cell and the nanoparticles are cubic-shaped.
    • 在阳极(72)和阴极(78)之间具有阳极(72),阴极(78)和电解质(76)的燃料电池(70)包括由多个纳米颗粒形成的阴极催化剂(80)。 每个纳米颗粒(20)具有由铂表面原子(14)形成的多个梯田(26),以及由第二金属(30)的原子形成的多个边缘(28)和拐角区域(29)。阴极催化剂 可以通过将铂纳米颗粒与溶液中的金属盐组合而形成。 来自第二金属的离子与铂反应并且替换纳米颗粒上的铂原子。 在纳米颗粒的角落和边缘区域的第二个金属原子以及任何表面缺陷导致更稳定的催化剂结构。 在一些实施例中,燃料电池(70)是质子交换膜燃料电池,并且纳米颗粒是四面体形状。 在一些实施例中,燃料电池(70)是磷酸燃料电池,并且纳米颗粒是立方体形状。