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1. 发明申请

US20050280804A1 Determination of an orientation parameter of an elongate object with a scan beam apparatus 失效
标题翻译：用扫描光束装置确定细长物体的取向参数
公开(公告)号：US20050280804A1
公开(公告)日：2005-12-22
申请号：US10871496
申请日：2004-06-18
申请人： Dale Buermann , Michael Mandella
发明人： Dale Buermann , Michael Mandella
IPC分类号： G01B11/26 , G01C1/00 , G01S5/16 , G01S17/48 , H04N7/18 , H04N9/47
CPC分类号： G01S5/163 , G01B11/26 , G01S17/48
摘要： An elongate object optically determines at least one of its orientation parameters relative to a plane surface. A probe radiation beam is directed from the object at various angles σ to various locations on the plane, where the angle σ is a periodic function of time. Two angularly-selective radiation detectors oriented at fixed angles τ1 and τ2 sense scattered portions of the beam from two locations a two corresponding times. The orientation parameter is computed from a time difference Δt=t2−t1 between the two times.
摘要翻译：细长物体相对于平面表面光学地确定其取向参数中的至少一个。探针辐射束以不同的角度从物体引导到平面上的各种位置，其中角度σ是时间的周期函数。以固定角度τ1和τ2定向的两个角度选择性辐射探测器从两个位置感测来自两个对应时间的波束的散射部分。方向参数是从两次之间的时间差Deltat = t 2 -t 1 1 <1>计算的。

2. 发明申请

US20050195387A1 Apparatus and method for determining orientation parameters of an elongate object 有权
标题翻译：用于确定细长物体的取向参数的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US20050195387A1
公开(公告)日：2005-09-08
申请号：US10796236
申请日：2004-03-08
申请人： Guanghua Zhang , Dale Buermann , Michael Mandella , Hector Gonzalez-Banos , Stewart Carl
发明人： Guanghua Zhang , Dale Buermann , Michael Mandella , Hector Gonzalez-Banos , Stewart Carl
IPC分类号： G01B11/26 , G01C1/00
CPC分类号： G01B11/002 , G01B11/272 , G01S17/46 , G06F3/0304 , G06F3/03545
摘要： An apparatus and method employing principles of stereo vision for determining one or more orientation parameters and especially the second and third Euler angles θ, ψ of an elongate object whose tip is contacting a surface at a contact point. The apparatus has a projector mounted on the elongate object for illuminating the surface with a probe radiation in a known pattern from a first point of view and a detector mounted on the elongate object for detecting a scattered portion of the probe radiation returning from the surface to the elongate object from a second point of view. The orientation parameters are determined from a difference between the projected and detected probe radiation such as the difference between the shape of the feature produced by the projected probe radiation and the shape of the feature detected by the detector. The pattern of probe radiation is chosen to provide information for determination of the one or more orientation parameters and can include asymmetric patterns such as lines, ellipses, rectangles, polygons or the symmetric cases including circles, squares and regular polygons. To produce the patterns the projector can use a scanning arrangement or a structured light optic such as a holographic, diffractive, refractive or reflective element and any combinations thereof. The apparatus is suitable for determining the orientation of a jotting implement such as a pen, pencil or stylus.
摘要翻译：一种采用立体视觉原理的装置和方法，用于确定一个或多个取向参数，特别是尖端在接触点处接触表面的细长物体的第二和第三欧拉角θ，psi。该装置具有安装在细长物体上的投影仪，用于从第一角度以已知图案的探测辐射照射表面，以及安装在细长物体上的检测器，用于检测从表面返回的探针辐射的散射部分细长物体从第二个角度来看。取向参数根据投射和检测的探针辐射之间的差异确定，例如由投射的探针辐射产生的特征的形状与由检测器检测到的特征的形状之间的差异。选择探针辐射的图案以提供用于确定一个或多个取向参数的信息，并且可以包括不对称图案，例如线，椭圆，矩形，多边形或包括圆形，正方形和正多边形的对称情况。为了产生图案，投影仪可以使用扫描装置或诸如全息衍射，折射或反射元件的结构化光学元件及其任何组合。该装置适用于确定诸如笔，铅笔或触笔之类的记录工具的取向。

3. 发明申请

US20050133700A1 Method and apparatus for determining absolute position of a tip of an elongate object on a plane surface with invariant features 有权
标题翻译：用于确定具有不变特征的平面上的细长物体的尖端的绝对位置的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20050133700A1
公开(公告)日：2005-06-23
申请号：US10745371
申请日：2003-12-22
申请人： Dale Buermann , Michael Mandella , Stewart Carl , Guanghua Zhang , Hector Gonzalez-Banos
发明人： Dale Buermann , Michael Mandella , Stewart Carl , Guanghua Zhang , Hector Gonzalez-Banos
IPC分类号： G06F3/03 , G06F3/033 , G06M7/00
CPC分类号： G06F3/03545 , G06F3/0321
摘要： A method and apparatus for determining a pose of an elongate object and an absolute position of its tip while the tip is in contact with a plane surface having invariant features. The surface and features are illuminated with a probe radiation and a scattered portion, e.g., the back-scattered portion, of the probe radiation returning from the plane surface and the feature to the elongate object at an angle τ with respect to an axis of the object is detected. The pose is derived from a response of the scattered portion to the surface and the features and the absolute position of the tip on the surface is obtained from the pose and knowledge about the feature. The probe radiation can be directed from the object to the surface at an angle σ to the axis of the object in the form of a scan beam. The scan beam can be made to follow a scan pattern with the aid of a scanning arrangement with one or more arms and one or more uniaxial or biaxial scanners. Angle τ can also be varied, e.g., with the aid of a separate or the same scanning arrangement as used to direct probe radiation to the surface. The object can be a pointer, a robotic arm, a cane or a jotting implement such as a pen, and the features can be edges, micro-structure or macro-structure belonging to, deposited on or attached to the surface which the tip of the object is contacting.
摘要翻译：一种用于在尖端与具有不变特征的平面接触的情况下，确定细长物体的姿态和其尖端的绝对位置的方法和装置。表面和特征被探针辐射照射，并且探针辐射的散射部分（例如，背散射部分）从平面表面和特征向细长物体返回，其角度τ相对于检测到物体。姿势是从分散部分到表面的响应导出的，并且从关于特征的姿势和知识中获得尖端在表面上的特征和绝对位置。探针辐射可以以扫描光束的形式从物体以角度与物体的轴线指向表面。借助于具有一个或多个臂和一个或多个单轴或双轴扫描器的扫描装置，可以使扫描光束跟随扫描图案。角度tau也可以变化，例如借助于将探针辐射引导到表面的单独或相同的扫描布置。该物体可以是指针，机器人手臂，手杖或笔记本记录工具，并且特征可以是属于，沉积在或附着到表面上的边缘，微结构或宏观结构，其表面的尖端对象正在联系。

4. 发明申请

US20050107979A1 Apparatus and method for determining an inclination of an elongate object contacting a plane surface 失效
标题翻译：用于确定接触平面的细长物体的倾斜度的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US20050107979A1
公开(公告)日：2005-05-19
申请号：US10701817
申请日：2003-11-04
申请人： Dale Buermann , Hector Gonzalez-Banos , Michael Mandella , Stewart Carl
发明人： Dale Buermann , Hector Gonzalez-Banos , Michael Mandella , Stewart Carl
IPC分类号： G06F3/033 , G06F15/00
CPC分类号： G06F3/03545
摘要： An apparatus and method for determining an inclination angle θ between an axis of an elongate object such as a cane, a pointer or a jotting implement such as a pen, pencil, stylus or the like and a normal to a plane surface at times when a tip of the elongate object is contacting that plane surface. The apparatus has an emitter mounted on the object for illuminating the plane surface with a probe radiation at an angle σ with respect to the axis of the object. The apparatus also has a detector mounted on the elongate object for detecting a radiation characteristic of a scattered portion of the probe radiation returning from the plane surface and a computing unit for deriving the inclination angle θ from the radiation characteristic. A scanning arrangement, such as a uniaxial or biaxial scanner, or a light guiding optic can be used for varying angle σ, and the probe radiation can be emitted in the form of a scan beam. Preferably, the emitter and detector of the scattered portion of the probe radiation are integrated and the scattered portion of the probe radiation whose characteristic is being measured is the back-scattered portion. The radiation characteristic detected by the detector can be the intensity, polarization, time-of-flight or any combination thereof.
摘要翻译：一种用于确定细长物体的轴线之间的倾斜角度θ的装置和方法，所述细长物体诸如手杖，指针或诸如笔，铅笔，触笔等的记录工具以及在平面表面的法线细长物体的尖端与该平面接触。该装置具有安装在物体上的发射器，用于以相对于物体的轴线的角度σ来探测辐射照射平面。该装置还具有安装在细长物体上的检测器，用于检测从平面表面返回的探针辐射的散射部分的辐射特性，以及用于从辐射特性导出倾斜角度θ的计算单元。可以使用诸如单轴或双轴扫描仪或导光光学器件的扫描装置来改变角度，并且可以以扫描光束的形式发射探测辐射。优选地，探测辐射的散射部分的发射极和检测器是一体的，并且其特征被测量的探测辐射的散射部分是反向散射部分。由检测器检测的辐射特性可以是强度，极化，飞行时间或其任何组合。

5. 发明申请

US20050225742A1 Apparatus and method for optical determination of intermediate distances 有权
标题翻译：用于中间距离光学测定的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US20050225742A1
公开(公告)日：2005-10-13
申请号：US10824330
申请日：2004-04-13
申请人： Dale Buermann , Michael Mandella
发明人： Dale Buermann , Michael Mandella
IPC分类号： G01B11/02 , G01C3/08 , G01S17/46 , G01S17/87
CPC分类号： G01B11/02 , G01S17/46 , G01S17/87
摘要： An apparatus and a method are disclosed for optically determining a distance r to a feature from an origin or a center. The apparatus uses a beam generation unit for launching a reference beam on a reference path and a first beam on a first path. The center from which distance r is determined is selected such that it is along a line of the reference path and not along a line of the first path. Alternatively, the center can be chosen not to lie along a line of the reference path. A rotation mechanism rotates the reference path and the first path about the center such that the reference beam moves over the feature at a reference time tr and the first beam moves over the feature at a first time t1. A determination unit determines distance r between the center and the feature from an angular velocity ω of the reference beam over the feature and from times tr, t1.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于光学地确定从原点或中心到特征的距离r的装置和方法。该装置使用光束产生单元，用于在参考路径上发射参考光束，并在第一路径上发射第一光束。选择距离r确定的中心，使得其沿着参考路径的线并且不沿着第一路径的线。或者，可以选择中心不能沿着参考路径的一条直线。旋转机构使参考路径和第一路径围绕中心旋转，使得参考光束在参考时间t 1上移动到特征上，并且第一光束在第一时间t 1上移动到特征上， SUB> 1 。确定单元根据特征和时间t 1，t 1 1从参考光束的角速度ω来确定中心和特征之间的距离r。

6. 发明授权

US5887009A Confocal optical scanning system employing a fiber laser 失效
标题翻译：共焦光学扫描系统采用光纤激光器
公开(公告)号：US5887009A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-23
申请号：US861590
申请日：1997-05-22
申请人： Michael Mandella , Mark H. Garrett
发明人： Michael Mandella , Mark H. Garrett
IPC分类号： G02B21/00 , H01S3/30
CPC分类号： B82Y15/00 , G02B21/0056 , G02B21/0068
摘要： A confocal optical scanning system using a flexible optical emissive fiber or fiber laser and having a lasing cavity defined within the fiber. The system in-couples a signal beam produced when a probe beam generated by the fiber laser is reflected from a scanned object back into the lasing cavity. The perturbation created in the cavity by the in-coupling of the signal beam is detected by a transducer. Specifically, the perturbation may be the signal beam itself, an oscillation mode of the cavity induced by the in-coupled signal beam or a combination of the signal beam and the probe beam. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the system also has a polarizing assembly for altering a signal polarization of the signal beam and rotate it to either a resonant polarization supported by the cavity or a non-resonant polarization not supported by the cavity.
摘要翻译：一种使用柔性光发射光纤或光纤激光器并具有限定在光纤内的激光腔的共焦光学扫描系统。当由光纤激光器产生的探测光束从被扫描物体反射回到激光腔时，该系统将产生的信号光束进行耦合。通过传感器检测信号束的入耦合在空腔中产生的扰动。具体地，扰动可以是信号光束本身，由耦合信号光束引起的空腔的振荡模式或信号光束和探测光束的组合。在本发明的优选实施例中，系统还具有用于改变信号光束的信号极化并将其旋转到由腔支持的谐振极化或不由腔支持的非共振极化的偏振组件。

7. 发明申请

US20060132907A1 Solid catadioptric lens with two viewpoints 有权
标题翻译：具有两个视点的实心反射折射透镜
公开(公告)号：US20060132907A1
公开(公告)日：2006-06-22
申请号：US11336735
申请日：2006-01-19
申请人： Michael Mandella
发明人： Michael Mandella
IPC分类号： G02B23/00
CPC分类号： G02B3/00 , G02B13/16 , G02B17/0808 , G02B17/086 , G02B17/0896
摘要： A dual viewpoint solid catadioptric lens has a first spherical refractive surface S1 having a center C1 located on an optical axis of the lens and having a radius r1, and a second spherical refractive surface S2 having a center C2 located on the optical axis of the lens and having a radius r2
摘要翻译：双重视点固体反折射透镜具有第一球面折射表面S 1，其中心C 1位于透镜的光轴上并具有半径r 1，第二球面折射表面S 2具有位于该透镜的光轴上的中心C 2 透镜的光轴并具有半径r 2

8. 发明授权

US5211065A Apparatus for translating rotational motion to harmonic linear motion 失效
标题翻译：用于将旋转运动转换为谐波线性运动的装置
公开(公告)号：US5211065A
公开(公告)日：1993-05-18
申请号：US762498
申请日：1991-09-19
申请人： Michael Mandella
发明人： Michael Mandella
IPC分类号： F02B75/02 , F02B75/32 , F16H21/32
CPC分类号： F02B75/32 , F16H21/32 , F02B2075/027 , Y10T74/18168 , Y10T74/18208 , Y10T74/18264
摘要： An improved connecting rod assembly for a reciprocating internal combustion engine provides essentially simple harmonic linear motion of a piston, thereby eliminating forces and moments caused by non-simple harmonic linear motion of a piston. The connecting rod assembly of the present invention maintains a uniform distance between a crank pin and a piston. Essentially simple harmonic piston motion also increases engine efficiency by reducing the amount of negative work which results from detonation before top dead center. The connecting rod assembly may include a first member rotatably connected to a crankshaft and having two connection points each spaced a distance A/2 from the crankshaft connection, and second and third members having a length C, arranged in a crossing relationship, and connecting respective ones of the connection points of the first member to respective ones of two connection points on a piston, the piston connection points being spaced apart by a distance B. In one embodiment, the ratios A:B:C are 2:4:5.
摘要翻译：用于往复式内燃机的改进的连杆组件提供活塞的基本上简单的谐波直线运动，从而消除由活塞的非简单谐波直线运动引起的力和力矩。本发明的连杆组件保持曲柄销和活塞之间的均匀距离。基本上简单的谐波活塞运动也可以通过减少在上止点之前引爆的负作用量来提高发动机效率。连杆组件可以包括可旋转地连接到曲轴的第一构件，并且具有两个与曲轴连接件间隔开A / 2的连接点，以及具有以交叉关系布置的长度C的第二和第三构件，第一构件的连接点与活塞上的两个连接点中的相应连接点的一个连接点，活塞连接点间隔开距离B.在一个实施例中，比率A：B：C为2:4:5。

9. 发明申请

US20120330157A1 CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE, SYSTEM AND METHOD THEREFOR 有权
标题翻译：共焦显微镜，其系统及方法
公开(公告)号：US20120330157A1
公开(公告)日：2012-12-27
申请号：US13403614
申请日：2012-02-23
申请人： Michael Mandella , Gordon S. Kino , Christopher H. Contag , Olav Solgaard , Butrus Khuri-Yakub , Omer Oralkan , Jae-Woong Jeong , Paul Cristman , Jonathan T.C. Liu , Hyejun Ra , Jae Eun Hwang
发明人： Michael Mandella , Gordon S. Kino , Christopher H. Contag , Olav Solgaard , Butrus Khuri-Yakub , Omer Oralkan , Jae-Woong Jeong , Paul Cristman , Jonathan T.C. Liu , Hyejun Ra , Jae Eun Hwang
IPC分类号： G02B26/10 , A61B8/13 , A61B1/07
CPC分类号： G02B26/101 , A61B1/00105 , A61B1/043 , A61B5/0068 , A61B8/12 , A61B8/4483 , A61B8/483 , G02B17/0808 , G02B21/0028 , G02B23/2423 , G02B23/26
摘要： Aspects of the present invention are directed to apparatuses, arrangements, systems and methods for collecting information using one or more modalities. As consistent with one or more embodiments, an apparatus includes first and second scanning mirror arrangements having different scanning axes and respectively facing different directions. The first scanning mirror arrangement directs source light and image light in two paths, and the second scanning mirror arrangement directs image light from a target to the first scanning mirror arrangement. The first and second scanning mirror arrangements cooperatively scan source light from the first scanning mirror and via the second scanning mirror to target locations with at least two degrees of freedom, and direct image light from the target locations.
摘要翻译：本发明的方面涉及使用一种或多种方式收集信息的装置，装置，系统和方法。与一个或多个实施例一致，装置包括具有不同扫描轴并且分别朝向不同方向的第一和第二扫描镜装置。第一扫描镜装置将源光和图像光引导成两条路径，第二扫描镜装置将来自目标的图像光引导到第一扫描反射镜装置。第一和第二扫描镜装置将来自第一扫描反射镜的源光和经由第二扫描镜的源光协同扫描至至少两个自由度的目标位置，以及来自目标位置的直接图像光。

10. 发明申请

US20050168437A1 Processing pose data derived from the pose of an elongate object 有权
标题翻译：处理从细长物体的姿态得出的姿势数据
公开(公告)号：US20050168437A1
公开(公告)日：2005-08-04
申请号：US10769484
申请日：2004-01-30
申请人： Stewart Carl , Michael Mandella , Guanghua Zhang , Hector Gonzalez-Banos
发明人： Stewart Carl , Michael Mandella , Guanghua Zhang , Hector Gonzalez-Banos
IPC分类号： G06F3/01 , G09G5/00
CPC分类号： G06F3/011 , G06F3/03545
摘要： An apparatus and method for processing pose data derived from a pose of an elongate object such as, for example, a jotting implement, a pointer, a robotic arm or a cane. The elongate object has a tip contacting a plane surface with one or more invariant features. The pose of the elongate object is measured optically from on-board by an optical measuring system with the aid of the invariant feature. The pose is used for preparing a corresponding pose data and a subset of the pose data is identified and transmitted to an application such as a user application, where the subset can serve as command data or input data. Since the elongate object moves while its tip is contacting the surface the pose is measured periodically at sufficiently frequent measurement times ti to describe the motion at a desired temporal resolution. The subset can include all or a portion of the orientation data that describe the orientation of the elongate object in space and/or position data of the tip on the surface. The position can be a relative position of the tip with respect to any feature or its previous position, or an absolute position in world coordinates. The subset can also contain a mix of orientation and position data.
摘要翻译：一种用于处理从诸如记录工具，指针，机器人手臂或手杖的细长物体的姿势导出的姿势数据的装置和方法。细长物体具有使平面与一个或多个不变特征接触的尖端。借助于不变特征，通过光学测量系统从板上光学地测量细长物体的姿态。该姿势用于准备对应的姿势数据，并且识别姿势数据的子集并将其发送到诸如用户应用的应用，其中该子集可以用作命令数据或输入数据。由于细长物体在其尖端接触表面时移动，所以以足够频繁的测量时间t i周期性地测量姿态以便以期望的时间分辨率描述运动。子集可以包括描述细长物体在空间中的取向的定向数据的全部或一部分和/或表面上的尖端的位置数据。该位置可以是尖端相对于任何特征或其先前位置或世界坐标中的绝对位置的相对位置。子集还可以包含方向和位置数据的混合。

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