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1. 发明授权

US09360567B2 Scintillating organic materials and methods for detecting neutron and gamma radiation 有权
标题翻译：闪烁的有机材料和检测中子和γ辐射的方法
公开(公告)号：US09360567B2
公开(公告)日：2016-06-07
申请号：US14130050
申请日：2012-06-29
申请人： Youngwook Noh , Richard T. Farley , James K. Walker
发明人： Youngwook Noh , Richard T. Farley , James K. Walker
IPC分类号： G01T1/20 , G01T3/06 , C09K9/02 , G01T1/204 , G01T1/203
CPC分类号： G01T1/204 , C09K9/02 , C09K2211/1007 , C09K2211/1011 , C09K2211/1029 , C09K2211/1088 , G01T1/203 , G01T3/06
摘要： Embodiments incorporate a method and apparatus for detection of radiation. Embodiments detect fast and/or thermal neutrons. Embodiments detect neutrons in high backgrounds of gamma rays. Embodiments can have high sensitivity and/or high gamma discrimination. Embodiments include a given single material that detects fast neutrons and simultaneously detect gamma rays with moderate energy resolution. Embodiments utilize liquid, viscous liquid, gel, and/or solid scintillating materials. Embodiments incorporate a scintillating matrix, such as a liquid, having a highly polar matrix, such as a liquid solvent, dissolved dyes, and a high concentration of a dissolved organo metallic compound. The use of a single material for a large area detector of fast neutrons and gamma rays can provide material and cost benefits.
摘要翻译：实施例包括用于检测辐射的方法和装置。实施例检测快速和/或热中子。实施例检测伽马射线高背景中的中子。实施例可以具有高灵敏度和/或高伽马鉴别。实施例包括检测快中子并同时以适度能量分辨率检测伽马射线的给定单一材料。实施例使用液体，粘稠液体，凝胶和/或固体闪烁材料。实施例包括具有高极性基质如液体溶剂，溶解染料和高浓度溶解的有机金属化合物的闪烁基质，例如液体。对于快速中子和γ射线的大面积检测器使用单一材料可以提供材料和成本优势。

2. 发明授权

US08993968B2 Materials, method, and apparatus for detecting neutrons and ionizing radiation 有权
标题翻译：用于检测中子和电离辐射的材料，方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US08993968B2
公开(公告)日：2015-03-31
申请号：US13430394
申请日：2012-03-26
申请人： James K. Walker , Youngwook Noh , Richard T. Farley
发明人： James K. Walker , Youngwook Noh , Richard T. Farley
IPC分类号： G01T1/20 , C09K11/06 , C09K11/02 , G01T3/06 , G01T1/203 , C09K9/02
CPC分类号： G01T1/2033 , C09K9/02 , C09K11/06 , C09K2211/10 , C09K2211/1007 , C09K2211/1011 , C09K2211/1029 , C09K2211/1088 , G01T1/203 , G01T3/06 , G21K4/00
摘要： Embodiments of the invention provide a scintillator material, a scintillator system, and/or a method of detecting incident radiation using a scintillator material, or scintillator system, comprising a polymer material that comprises chromophores. Additional embodiments provide a scintillator material, scintillator system, and/or a method of detecting incident radiation using a scintillator material, or scintillator system, comprising a polymer material having one, two, three, or more, organic dyes dissolved therein wherein the polymer material having the one, two, three, or more dyes dissolved therein comprises chromophores. At least one of the dyes, termed the base dye, has a concentration in the range 0.5 to 3.5 mol/L. In a specific embodiment, the base dye has a concentration in the range 1.0 to 3.0 mol/L. This base dye concentration is high enough to achieve a substantial triplet-triplet state annihilation rate despite the negligible diffusion of the dye in the rigid polymer matrix.
摘要翻译：本发明的实施方案提供闪烁体材料，闪烁体系统和/或使用闪烁体材料或闪烁体系统检测入射辐射的方法，其包含含有发色团的聚合物材料。另外的实施例提供闪烁体材料，闪烁体系统和/或使用闪烁体材料或闪烁体系统检测入射辐射的方法，其包含溶解有一种，两种，三种或更多种有机染料的聚合物材料，其中聚合物材料其中溶解有一种，两种，三种或更多种染料包括发色团。称为碱性染料的至少一种染料的浓度为0.5-3.5mol / L。在具体实施方式中，碱性染料的浓度为1.0〜3.0mol / L。尽管染料在刚性聚合物基质中的扩散可忽略不计，但这种基础染料浓度足够高以达到实质的三重态三重态湮灭速率。

3. 发明授权

US07135133B2 Method and apparatus for manufacturing plastic optical transmission medium 失效
公开(公告)号：US07135133B2
公开(公告)日：2006-11-14
申请号：US09833833
申请日：2001-04-12
申请人： James K. Walker , Jacob Ralph Tymianski , Bongsoo Lee , Stephan A. Tuchman , Won Young Choi
发明人： James K. Walker , Jacob Ralph Tymianski , Bongsoo Lee , Stephan A. Tuchman , Won Young Choi
IPC分类号： B29D11/00
CPC分类号： G02B6/02038 , B29C47/00 , B29C47/0016 , B29C47/0023 , B29C47/003 , B29D11/00682
摘要： The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for manufacturing plastic optical transmission medium. The subject method and apparatus can produce a variety of optical transmission medium, including for example, graded refractive index polymer optical fiber, graded refractive index rod lens, and step index polymer optical fiber. The subject optical transmission medium have improved characteristics and efficiency, due, at least in part, to better control of the profile of the refractive index distribution and stable high temperature operation of the medium. High efficiency of manufacturing can be achieved by the subject method and apparatus which can permit continuous extrusion at high speed.

4. 发明授权

US5420959A High efficiency, high resolution, real-time radiographic imaging system 失效
标题翻译：高效，高分辨率，实时放射成像系统
公开(公告)号：US5420959A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-30
申请号：US149750
申请日：1993-11-17
申请人： James K. Walker , Jacob R. Tymianski
发明人： James K. Walker , Jacob R. Tymianski
IPC分类号： C08L101/00 , G01T1/00 , G01T1/203 , G01T5/08 , G02B6/00 , G02B6/02 , G02B5/122
CPC分类号： G01T1/201 , G01T1/203 , G02B6/02033
摘要： A new scintillating optical fiber is used in an array as a scintillator plate for imaging with high energy radiation, particles and the like. The scintillating optical fiber has an inner plastic core fiber which is transparent to visible radiation and has an index of refraction of about 1.45 or greater. The inner plastic core fiber has a plastic cladding material which has an index of refraction less than that of the inner plastic core fiber. The inner plastic core fiber contains a polymeric matrix material; a metal moiety; and an organic fluorescent material. The scintillator plates are useful in producing high efficiency and high resolution radiographic systems for x-ray medical diagnosis or non-destructive inspection as well as non-destructive inspection with thermal neutrons. In medical x-ray applications, such as mammography, the need for lower doses of x-rays for a given image quality is met and exceeded by the higher detection efficiency of the scintillator plates and their associated electronic read-out system.
摘要翻译：在阵列中使用新的闪烁光纤作为用于利用高能量辐射，粒子等进行成像的闪烁体板。闪烁光纤具有对可见光辐射透明并具有约1.45或更高的折射率的内部塑料芯光纤。内部塑料芯纤维具有塑料包层材料，其折射率小于内部塑料芯纤维的折射率。内部塑料芯纤维含有聚合物基质材料; 金属部分; 和有机荧光材料。闪烁体板可用于生产用于X射线医学诊断或非破坏性检查的高效率和高分辨率射线照相系统以及具有热中子的非破坏性检查。在诸如乳房X线照相术的医学x射线应用中，由于闪烁体板及其相关联的电子读出系统的更高的检测效率，满足并超过给定图像质量的较低剂量的x射线的需要。

5. 发明申请

US20140224993A1 SCINTILLATING ORGANIC MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR DETECTING NEUTRON AND GAMMA RADIATION 有权
标题翻译：扫描有机材料和检测中子和伽马辐射的方法
公开(公告)号：US20140224993A1
公开(公告)日：2014-08-14
申请号：US14130050
申请日：2012-06-29
申请人： Youngwook Noh , Richard T. Farley , James K. Walker
发明人： Youngwook Noh , Richard T. Farley , James K. Walker
IPC分类号： G01T1/20 , G01T1/203 , G01T1/204 , G01T3/06
CPC分类号： G01T1/204 , C09K9/02 , C09K2211/1007 , C09K2211/1011 , C09K2211/1029 , C09K2211/1088 , G01T1/203 , G01T3/06
摘要： Embodiments pertain to a method and apparatus for detection of radiation. Embodiments relate to the detection of fast and/or thermal neutrons. Embodiments are directed to detection of neutrons in high backgrounds of gamma rays. Embodiments can have high sensitivity and/or high gamma discrimination. Embodiments can include a given single material that can detect fast neutrons and simultaneously detect gamma rays with moderate energy resolution. Embodiments pertain to liquid, viscous liquid, gel, and/or solid scintillating materials. Embodiments relate to a scintillating matrix, such as a liquid, having a highly polar matrix, such as a liquid solvent, dissolved dyes, and a high concentration of a dissolved organo metallic compound. The use of a single material for a large area detector of fast neutrons and gamma rays can provide material and cost benefits.
摘要翻译：实施例涉及用于检测辐射的方法和装置。实施例涉及快速和/或热中子的检测。实施例涉及伽马射线高背景中的中子的检测。实施例可以具有高灵敏度和/或高伽马鉴别。实施例可以包括可以检测快中子并且以中等能量分辨率同时检测伽马射线的给定单一材料。实施例涉及液体，粘稠液体，凝胶和/或固体闪烁材料。实施例涉及具有高极性基质如液体溶剂，溶解染料和高浓度溶解的有机金属化合物的闪烁基质，例如液体。对于快速中子和γ射线的大面积检测器使用单一材料可以提供材料和成本优势。

6. 发明申请

US20120241630A1 MATERIALS, METHOD, AND APPARATUS FOR DETECTING NEUTRONS AND IONIZING RADIATION 有权
标题翻译：用于检测中子和离子辐射的材料，方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20120241630A1
公开(公告)日：2012-09-27
申请号：US13430394
申请日：2012-03-26
申请人： JAMES K. WALKER , YOUNGWOOK NOH , RICHARD T. FARLEY
发明人： JAMES K. WALKER , YOUNGWOOK NOH , RICHARD T. FARLEY
IPC分类号： G01T1/20 , C09K11/06 , G01T3/06
CPC分类号： G01T1/2033 , C09K9/02 , C09K11/06 , C09K2211/10 , C09K2211/1007 , C09K2211/1011 , C09K2211/1029 , C09K2211/1088 , G01T1/203 , G01T3/06 , G21K4/00
摘要： Embodiments of the invention provide a scintillator material, a scintillator system, and/or a method of detecting incident radiation using a scintillator material, or scintillator system, comprising a polymer material that comprises chromophores. Additional embodiments provide a scintillator material, scintillator system, and/or a method of detecting incident radiation using a scintillator material, or scintillator system, comprising a polymer material having one, two, three, or more, organic dyes dissolved therein wherein the polymer material having the one, two, three, or more dyes dissolved therein comprises chromophores. At least one of the dyes, termed the base dye, has a concentration in the range 0.5 to 3.5 mol/L. In a specific embodiment, the base dye has a concentration in the range 1.0 to 3.0 mol/L. This base dye concentration is high enough to achieve a substantial triplet-triplet state annihilation rate despite the negligible diffusion of the dye in the rigid polymer matrix.
摘要翻译：本发明的实施方案提供闪烁体材料，闪烁体系统和/或使用闪烁体材料或闪烁体系统检测入射辐射的方法，其包含含有发色团的聚合物材料。另外的实施例提供闪烁体材料，闪烁体系统和/或使用闪烁体材料或闪烁体系统检测入射辐射的方法，其包含溶解有一种，两种，三种或更多种有机染料的聚合物材料，其中聚合物材料其中溶解有一种，两种，三种或更多种染料包括发色团。称为碱性染料的至少一种染料的浓度为0.5-3.5mol / L。在具体实施方式中，碱性染料的浓度为1.0〜3.0mol / L。尽管染料在刚性聚合物基质中的扩散可忽略不计，但这种基础染料浓度足够高以达到实质的三重态三重态湮灭速率。

7. 发明授权

US06267915B1 Production method for objects with radially-varying properties 失效
标题翻译：具有径向变化特性的物体的生产方法
公开(公告)号：US06267915B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-31
申请号：US08929160
申请日：1997-09-12
申请人： Chang-Won Park , James K. Walker
发明人： Chang-Won Park , James K. Walker
IPC分类号： B29D1100
CPC分类号： B29D11/00682 , B29C47/0014 , B29C47/24
摘要： The present invention is a continuous process of producing an object with radially-varying material properties. These objects can be cylindrical forms made from polymeric materials. This process requires a novel device. The device can be used to produce high bandwidth gradient-index plastic optical fiber (GRIN-POF). This fiber is highly advantageous for use in high speed local area networks (LANs) as well as other short-range optical communication applications. The device can also be used to produce GRIN lenses which can be used in the focusing and transmission of images.
摘要翻译：本发明是一种生产具有径向变化材料特性的物体的连续方法。这些物体可以是由聚合材料制成的圆柱形形状。这个过程需要一个新颖的设备。该器件可用于生产高带宽梯度折射率塑料光纤（GRIN-POF）。该光纤对于用于高速局域网（LAN）以及其他短距离光通信应用是非常有利的。该设备还可用于生产可用于图像聚焦和传输的GRIN透镜。

8. 发明授权

US5751787A Materials and methods for improved radiography 失效
公开(公告)号：US5751787A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-12
申请号：US719225
申请日：1996-09-25
申请人： Zhenxue Jing , James K. Walker
发明人： Zhenxue Jing , James K. Walker
IPC分类号： G03B42/02
CPC分类号： G03B42/02
摘要： This invention pertains to novel methods of radiography and novel screen-film cassettes with wide exposure latitude and/or high film contrast for use in radiography. The materials and methods of the subject invention can be used in mammography. In a specific example, this invention concerns the design of novel screen-film cassettes which can use at least one phosphor screen and multiple x-ray films in a single cassette. When used in mammography, this novel design enables additional breast images to be obtained on the faster, or slower, speed film from the same x-ray exposure used to produce a normal breast image on the normal speed film. These additional breast images provide high contrast information on the dense regions of the breast and in the edge areas of the compressed breast. These dense regions currently cause many missed diagnoses in breast cancer screening. The use of this novel multi-screen, multi-film cassette in mammography has the potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy in breast cancer detection, and simultaneously reduce patient breast glandular dose by eliminating unnecessary exposure due to film retake. Obtaining multiple film images of the same object from a single x-ray exposure can apply to many areas of medical and industrial radiography.

9. 发明授权

US6158888A Materials and methods for improved radiography 失效
标题翻译：改进射线照相术的材料和方法
公开(公告)号：US6158888A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-12
申请号：US75670
申请日：1998-05-11
申请人： James K. Walker , Zhenxue Jing
发明人： James K. Walker , Zhenxue Jing
IPC分类号： G03B42/02
CPC分类号： G03B42/02
摘要： This invention pertains to novel methods of radiography and novel screen-film cassettes with wide exposure latitude and/or high film contrast for use in radiography. The materials and methods of the subject invention can be used in mammography. In a specific example, this invention concerns the design of novel screen-film cassettes which can use at least one phosphor screen and multiple x-ray films in a single cassette. When used in mammography, this novel design enables additional breast images to be obtained on the faster, or slower, speed film from the same x-ray exposure used to produce a normal breast image on the normal speed film. These additional breast images provide high contrast information on the dense regions of the breast and in the edge areas of the compressed breast. These dense regions currently cause many missed diagnoses in breast cancer screening. The use of this novel multi-screen, multi-film cassette in mammography has the potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy in breast cancer detection, and simultaneously reduce patient breast glandular dose by eliminating unnecessary exposure due to film retake. Obtaining multiple film images of the same object from a single x-ray exposure can apply to many areas of medical and industrial radiography.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及用于放射照相术的新型放射摄影方法和具有宽曝光宽容度和/或高胶片对比度的新型屏幕胶片盒。本发明的材料和方法可用于乳房X线照相术。在具体示例中，本发明涉及可以在单个盒中使用至少一个荧光屏和多个X射线胶片的新型屏幕胶片盒的设计。当用于乳房X线照相术时，这种新颖的设计使得可以在用于在正常速度胶片上产生正常乳房图像的相同x射线曝光的更快或更慢的速度胶片上获得额外的乳房图像。这些额外的乳房图像在乳房的密集区域和压缩乳房的边缘区域中提供高对比度信息。目前这些密集区域在乳腺癌筛查中引起许多漏诊。在乳腺X线照相术中使用这种新颖的多屏幕多层胶片具有提高乳腺癌检测诊断准确性的潜力，同时通过消除由于膜再次引起的不必要的暴露而同时降低患者的乳腺剂量。从单次X射线曝光获得同一物体的多个胶片图像可以应用于医疗和工业射线照相的许多领域。

10. 发明授权

US6115523A Plastic optical fiber airway imaging system 失效
标题翻译：塑料光纤气道成像系统
公开(公告)号：US6115523A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-05
申请号：US725779
申请日：1996-10-04
申请人： Won Young Choi , Dietrich Gravenstein , Samsun Lampotang , Richard Melker , James K. Walker
发明人： Won Young Choi , Dietrich Gravenstein , Samsun Lampotang , Richard Melker , James K. Walker
IPC分类号： A61B1/04 , A61B1/267 , A61B1/273 , G02B6/06
CPC分类号： A61B1/2676 , A61B1/0017 , A61B1/07 , A61B1/042
摘要： The subject invention pertains to a system for imaging the human airway having highly advantageous optical and physical characteristics. In a specific embodiment, the human airway can be imaged during the intubation procedure. The excellent characteristics of the imaging system of the subject invention result, in part, from the use of plastic optic fibers. Plastic fibers are more robust than the glass optical fibers used in currently available imaging systems, and are therefore capable of being bent and/or twisted with less concern of breakage. In addition, the lower costs of plastic fibers enables scopes of the subject invention, in a specific embodiment, to be manufactured for single patient use thereby eliminating the requirement for cleaning, special care, the maintenance of expensive inventory, and most importantly eliminating the opportunity for cross contamination between patients. A further aspect of the subject invention concerns a novel sheath which covers the portion of the imaging system which enters the patient. In this case, the sheath and its optional associated fiber optic illumination is disposable after each use.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种用于对具有非常有利的光学和物理特性的人气道成像的系统。在一个具体实施例中，人气道可以在插管过程中成像。本发明的成像系统的优异特征部分地导致使用塑料光纤。塑料纤维比当前可用的成像系统中使用的玻璃光纤更坚固，因此能够在较少的断裂的情况下弯曲和/或扭曲。此外，由于塑料纤维的成本较低，在一个具体实施例中，本发明的范围能够为单个患者使用而制造，从而消除了对清洁，特别护理，维护昂贵库存的要求，最重要的是消除了机会用于患者之间的交叉污染。本发明的另一方面涉及一种新颖的护套，其覆盖进入患者的成像系统的部分。在这种情况下，护套和其可选的相关联的光纤照明在每次使用之后是一次性的。

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