A continuous low-temperature plasma powder treatment and a ball milling production device and method therefor. The device comprises a powder circulating and conveying pipeline system (1), a ball mill (2), a low-temperature plasma discharge pipeline (3), a vacuum discharge system (4) and a controllable atmosphere system (5), wherein the powder circulating conveying pipeline system (1) is sequentially connected to the ball mill (2) and the low-temperature plasma discharge pipeline (3) via pipelines; and the controllable atmosphere system (5) is connected to the powder circulating and conveying pipeline system (1). The powder circulating conveying pipeline system (1) is used for circulating and conveying, at a controllable air pressure and flow speed, powder to be treated; a double-dielectric barrier discharge structure is introduced in the powder conveying process to form the low-temperature plasma discharge pipeline (3), so as to realize a plasma discharge treatment on a flowing material powder; moreover, the ball mill (2) is introduced to refine, by means of ball milling, or alloy the powder subjected to the plasma discharge treatment, such that large-area, uniform and high-energy non-equilibrium plasma in cooperation with mechanical ball milling treats the powder, and the device can be used for performing a surface circulating modification treatment on a conventional metal, high-polymer or oxide powder.