A system for managing building progress on the basis of LiDAR technology, the system comprising: a cloud server, wherein the server is loaded with a BIM of a building that is under construction or is in operation; and a handheld measurement device, which is provided with a LiDAR and a positioning apparatus. A user performs scanning at a designated position of a building by holding the LiDAR, so as to obtain, in real time, point cloud data of an on-site building structure, and the point cloud data is transmitted to the cloud server by means of a network; the cloud server compares real-time measurement data with historical measurement data or the BIM of the building to acquire a comparison result and attribute data of building components; and the comparison result is displayed on a display screen of the handheld measurement device by using augmented/mixed reality display technology, such that the user can quickly, directly and clearly know the progress and quality of a project.