The present invention relates to a method for processing block data received in a peer terminal in a Hyperledger Fabric structure. The method for a peer terminal processing received block data, according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises: a step in which first and second block data are received, and first and second payload blocks are stored in a buffer memory; a first temporary storage step in which a control unit decodes the first payload block and stores first decoding data associated with the first payload block in a cache memory; a first tasking step in which the first decoding data is read, and thus a task for the first block data is carried out; and a step in which the second payload block is decoded before the first tasking step ends, and second decoding data associated with the second payload block is stored in the cache memory, and the second decoding data is read after the first tasking step ends, and thus a task for the second block data is carried out, wherein a blockchain is stored in a storage unit, the blockchain having the first decoding data updated in the blockchain after the first tasking step ends, and, after the second tasking step ends, having the second decoding data updated by means of the second decoding data being connected to the blockchain.