A fluid ejection visualization stereoscopic and dynamic 3D detection device and detection method. The device comprises a shot peening system, a photography system, a sample stage system, a sample transport mechanism, and a scanning and analysis system, wherein the sample stage system comprises a first clamping plate (18) and a second clamping plate (20); the first clamping plate (18) and the second clamping plate (20) are arranged opposite to each other; a plurality of first partition grooves are provided on the first clamping plate (18) from top to bottom; a plurality of second partition grooves are provided on the second clamping plate (20) from top to bottom; the plurality of first partition grooves correspond one to one with the plurality of second partition grooves; the corresponding first partition grooves and second partition grooves form a partition groove set, and samples may be inserted and clamped into the partition groove set; the sample transport mechanism is used for taking and placing samples on the sample stage system, and can transport the samples to the scanning and analysis system; the scanning and analysis system comprises a scanner (4) and an analyzer (9); as a result, data in the shot peening process can be effectively collected, and a stereoscopic shot peening situation can be fit by means of collecting data of samples at different heights.