An analyte sensor includes a detector array having at least two detector elements, for example antennas or light emitting diodes, that transmit electromagnetic energy. Any one or more of the detector elements in the detector array can be selectively controlled to function as a transmit detector element that functions to transmit a generated transmit signal in a radio or microwave or visible light frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum into a target containing an analyte of interest. In addition, any one or more of the detector elements in the detector array can be selectively controlled to function as a receive detector element that functions to detect a response resulting from transmission of the transmit signal by the transmit detector element into the target. A scan routine can be implemented that includes a plurality of scans, where each scan uses a different combination of the detector elements to transmit a signal and detect a response.