The present invention addresses the problem of providing an inspection device and an inspection method which only require a simpler device, and enable an analysis with a smaller data amount, a reduction in the amount of memory, and a faster process. As a solution means, the present invention provides an inspection device for inspecting the shape of a printing plate surface, the inspection device comprising: a processing device 1 which detects a projection part on a printing plate surface having the projection part, obtains, from the obtained detection result, position information about the projection part of a certain height on the printing plate surface, and obtains, on the basis of the position information, the position of the printing plate surface having the projection part of the certain height or higher as a line segment that is one-dimensional information along the width direction; a movement device which relatively moves a measurement device in a direction perpendicular to the width direction of the printing plate surface; a processing device 2 which arrays, in a direction to which the measurement device relatively moves, a plurality of line segments measured whenever the movement device moves the printing plate and/or the measurement device perpendicularly to the width direction of the printing plate surface, and forms, as two-dimensional information, a surface shape of the projection part of the certain height or higher of the printing plate surface; and a determination device which determines whether the shape of the projection part of the printing plate is suitable by comparing the two-dimensional information and two-dimensional information that is a target printing pattern.