Disclosed is a method for preparing hollow glass microbeads with a high floatation rate, and the production process and steps thereof comprising: 1) preparation of a slurry: accurately weighing the components of basic raw materials, a stable dispersant and a surfactant, wherein the components of the basic raw materials are quartz, borax, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, and sodium phosphate; 2) preparation of a precursor; 3) preparation of hollow glass microbeads; and 4) surface modification. The stably dispersed slurry prepared by the method of the present invention has a high solid phase content, and low surface tension and viscosity, such that the energy consumption of spray granulation is not only significantly decreased, but also the prepared precursor has a small particle size span and uniform composition. In combination with a high-temperature negative-pressure vitrification process, the hollow glass microbeads are enabled to have a floatation rate of higher than 96.5% and a high surface finish, and furthermore, the hollow glass microbeads are strengthened by using low-temperature circulating wind. The raw materials of the present invention are easily available, the conglomeration rate of the hollow glass microbeads is high, and the present invention is simple in technological process, and low in energy consumption and production cost, and the product has a wide range of application.