This rail vehicle brake control device comprises: a brake control unit (11) that outputs a control signal designating a brake pressure on the basis of a brake command; and an output unit that adjusts the pressure of fluid to be supplied from a fluid source according to the brake pressure and outputs the pressure-adjusted fluid. The brake control unit (11) is configured such that: a required braking force calculation unit (22) calculates a required braking force which is a braking force required to obtain the deceleration designated by the brake command; a generated pressing force calculation unit (24) calculates a generated pressing force which is a force to press a friction member against a rotating body; a friction coefficient calculation unit (25) estimates the state of the contact surface on the basis of the generated pressing force and calculates the coefficient of friction according to the estimated state of the contact surface; and a brake pressure calculation unit (26) calculates the brake pressure from the required braking force and the coefficient of friction.