The present invention relates to a method for the production of a shoe (1) by means of direct injection, onto the upper (2), of a sole (3) made of polymer material comprising a midsole (5) and a tread (4) which covers a bottom surface of the midsole (5) and which, in at least one zone thereof, is in direct contact with the upper (2). The method comprises the step of providing a mould cavity (22), designed to receive the shoe part (1) to be covered with the sole (3) and comprising a base (12) having an impression (16) intended to form the outer surface of the tread (4). The method also comprises a step of spraying a first polymer mixture M onto the impression (16) in order to form the tread (4). Moreover, the method comprises the step of closing the mould cavity (22) around the shoe (1) so that the base (12) with the previously sprayed tread (4) is positioned relative to the upper (2) with the space for the midsole (5) and with the said zone of the tread (4) placed in direct contact with the upper (2). Finally, the method comprises the step of injecting a second polymer mixture S inside said mould cavity (22) after closing with the base (12), so as to form the midsole (5) in the said space for the midsole. The present invention also relates to a mould which can be used with this method.