PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gear with high surface pressure fatigue resistance which is required for an automobile, a variety of industrial equipment and the like, and a method of manufacturing the same.SOLUTION: The gear is manufactured by shaping steel having a specific component into a gear shape by forging or machining after forging, and carburizing, quenching and tempering the steel followed by shot peening. In the gear, a carburization surface layer: residual γ structure from the surface of the gear to 30 μm depth (vol.%) is 25% or more and 58% or less, and is 7% or less after shot peening with the remainder having martensite structure; the crystal particle size in the carburization surface layer is 8.5 or more; the compression residual stress of the tooth surface and tooth root surface after shot peening is 1,500 MPa or more, the surface hardness thereof is HV850 or more; and a parameter expression having a residual γ quantity, tooth surface Vickers hardness and tooth surface residual stress as factors is satisfied.