A medical optical tracking system of the present invention includes a light source and an optical tracking carrier. The optical tracking carrier includes a light guide material, for example, a light-emitting optical fiber. Light emitted by the light source is conducted through the optical tracking carrier, and optical tracking is performed on the optical tracking carrier. The light source is a medical cold light source, or may be an LED light source. Particularly, light-emitting ends of a micro LED light source and the optical tracking carrier may be directly integrated and placed in vivo to perform optical tracking. The medical optical tracking system of the present invention may be manufactured as a visible-light tracking medical catheter, or a visible-light tracking solid tumor tracking apparatus, or a visible-light tracking optical fiber, or a visible-light tracking blood vessel tracking apparatus as required, and is configured to track a blood vessel, an esophagus, a ureter, a urethra, or another cavity or tube, or track and calibrate the position of a solid tumor such as a uterine fibroid, a lung tumor, a liver tumor, or the like in clinical surgery, to improve the precision of surgery, thereby avoiding accidents during surgery.