The present disclosure provides a fire extinguishing system for an energy storage container, comprising: a fire control main engine; a cluster-level and cabin-level perfluorohexanone fire subsystem for implementing the cabin-level perfluorohexanone fire prevention; and a PACK-level water fire subsystem for implementing the water fire prevention in a battery box. According to the fire extinguishing system for an energy storage container, the present disclosure also provides a fire pre-warning control method for an energy storage container. The fire extinguishing system and the fire pre-warning control method provided by the present disclosure adopt a combined use of multi-component fire extinguishing agents and can implement a full flood irrigated PACK-level water fire prevention and a full submerged space-level perfluorohexanone fire prevention. The fire extinguishing system and the fire pre-warning control method provided by the present disclosure achieve an early perception and accurate monitoring for fire hazards of the battery system by taking five kinds of thermal runaway characteristic quantities such as the smoke, the temperature, CO, H2, and VOC as important conditions for fire detection and early pre-warning of the energy storage container.