The cathode control multi-cathode distributed X-ray apparatus of this invention comprises: a vacuum box with the perimeter sealed and a high vacuum inside; a plurality of cathodes independent of each other and arranged and mounted at one end inside the vacuum box; a plurality of focal current limiters arranged corresponding one by one to the cathodes and mounted at a position near the cathodes inside the vacuum box, the focal current limiters being connected to one another; an anode made of metal and mounted at another end inside the vacuum box, being parallel to the focal current limiters in the length direction and forming a predetermined included angle with the focal current limiters in the width direction; a power supply and control system, having a cathode power supply, a focal current limiter power supply connected to the focal current limiters, an anode high voltage power supply, and a control apparatus; a pluggable high voltage connector, for connecting the anode to the cable of the anode high voltage power supply, and mounted at the side face of one end of the vacuum box near the anode; a plurality of pluggable cathode power supply connectors, for connecting the cathode to the cathode power supply, and mounted at the side face of one end of the vacuum box near the cathode.