An optical flip-flop comprises first (102) and second (104) flip-flop elements arranged to respectively provide first (output 1) and second (output 3) optical outputs. Each output is in one of a plurality of states, wherein switching the output from a relatively high power state to a relatively low power state has an associated falling edge transition time, and switching the output from a relatively low power state to a relatively high power state has an associated rising edge transition time. The rising edge transition time is greater than the falling edge transition time. The optical flip-flop also comprises a processor (106) arranged to process the first and second outputs to provide an optical flip-flop output, being one of a plurality of state outputs, wherein switching the flip-flop output froma relatively high power state to a relatively low power state has an associated falling edge transition time, and switching the flip-flop output froma relatively low power state to a relatively high power state has an associated rising edge transition time. The processor is arranged to process the first and second outputs such that both the falling edge transition time and the rising edge transition time of the flip-flop output are independent of the rising edge transitiontimes of boththe first and second flip-flop elements. The invention also provides a method of operating the flip-flop, an optical switching arrangement and an optical switching method.