The utility model discloses a high-position water collection natural ventilation cooling tower central vertical shaft with an anti-freezing function. A plurality of water distribution grooves are formed in the top side of the vertical shaft and are respectively communicated with the vertical shaft through gates; the water collecting tank surrounds the outer wall of the vertical shaft, the bypass vertical holes are formed in the sides of the water distributing tank, the top side is communicated with the water distributing tank through a weir plate, and the bottom end is connected with the watercollecting tank. The bypass vertical holes are additionally formed, the height of the weir plate is adjusted, the amount of hot water overflowing to the water collecting tank is adjusted according toneeds, and the temperature of tower outlet water in the water collecting tank is adjusted and maintained. Through the arrangement of the drain opening, leakage water after the gate is closed is drained into the water collecting tank through the drain pipe, the closing effect of the gate is ensured, and after the gate is closed, the spray head does not overflow, and padding and the high-position water collecting device do not freeze. The arrangement mode adapts to the characteristic that the high-position water collection natural ventilation cooling tower is not provided with a ground water pool, an independent bypass system is not arranged, engineering cost is low, operation is convenient, and the high-position water collection natural ventilation cooling tower has high practicability andwide applicability.