The utility model relates to an automatic regenerative copper oxide desulfurization and denitrification dedustor and a dedusting system. The dedustor provided by the utility model can be used for completing desulfurization and denitrification while dedusting, and recycling can be realized. The dedustor provided by the utility model comprises a cylinder, wherein a cone-shaped material storage bucket is arranged below the cylinder, and a smoke outlet is formed above the cylinder. The dedustor is characterized in that a cyclone tube is arranged in the cylinder and comprises an outer smoke tube, wherein a spiral guide plate is arranged on the inner wall of the outer smoke tube; an inner smoke tube is arranged in the outer smoke tube; a distribution chamber is arranged in the middle of the cylinder through an upper partition plate and a lower partition plate, a smoke inlet, corresponding to the distribution chamber, is formed in the surface of the cylinder, the upper end opening of the outer smoke tube is formed in the distribution chamber, and the lower end opening of the outer smoke tube is formed below the lower partition plate; the upper end opening of the inner smoke tube is formed above the upper partition plate, and the lower end opening of the inner smoke tube is formed in the outer smoke tube; the cylinder and the cyclone tube are made from a beta-aluminum oxide material, and copper oxide layers are arranged in the cylinder and on the surface of the cyclone tube.