The utility model relates to a fast-response passive resistance differentiator with two matched ends for realizing pulse signal infinitesimal calculus, which is matched with a differential prove for use and is applicable to high-voltage large-current fast-pulse measurement. The fast-response passive resistance differentiator comprises an input end matched resistor, an integrating resistor, an integrating capacitor, an output end matched resistor, an input cable base, an input end cover plate, a differentiator outer shell, an integrating capacitor connecting disc, an output end cover plate, an output cable base and an outer shell. The differentiator takes full consideration of the problems that the two ends are matched when a measurement cable is connected, selects a through capacitor in thread connection and increases the length of the integrating resistor, so as to reduce the stray inductance of the integrating capacitor and distributed capacitance at the two ends of the integrating capacitor, reduce the unfavorable influence of the differentiator on wave form measurement and expand the upper response frequency limit of the differentiator, thereby being suitable for high-voltage large-current pulse measurement in nanosecond to microsecond time order.