The utility model discloses a supercharging gunpowder mechanism, comprising a shell body. A cover board and a base are arranged on the shell body; an ignition gunpowder column, an ignition gunpowder ring and composite gunpowder are arranged in the shell body; the ignition gunpowder column is arranged in the ignition gunpowder ring; and the composite gunpowder is arranged at the lower part of the ignition gunpowder ring. The supercharging gunpowder mechanism has good temperature resistance, can be burnt stably, has fewer residues after burning, can do work reliably when acting, has good matching, high reliability and good safety when being matched with a supercharging device for use and can ensure that the pressure generated when the gunpowder is burnt in a supercharging cavity is stable and controlled; when the pressure is applied on a following supercharging piston, the supercharging piston moves stably, therefore, the pressure in a sandwich oil tube of an operation system is increased stably and is controlled.