The invention discloses an interface shearing test system capable of realizing pile side grouting. According to the interface shearing test system, a grouting pipe and a grouting device connected withthe grouting pipe are arranged in a gap between a soil sample and a pile sample, and the gap can be injected with target-type grout after the soil sample and the pile sample are installed in place; and then pressure loading in the vertical direction and the side surrounding direction, which is the same with a stress state of a pile-grout-soil interface in actual engineering, is carried out on thepile sample and the soil sample through a vertical pressurizing device and a surrounding device, and meanwhile test parameters of the pile sample can be comprehensively detected through a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor, so that the mechanical properties of a pile form of pile side grouting in actual engineering is accurately simulated, and a pile-grout-soil interface shearing mechanismcan be deeply tested.