The invention discloses an external damage monitoring method and system based on an intelligent warning column and a readable storage medium and relates to the field of external damage identificationand monitoring. The method comprises the following steps of (1) acquiring vibration data and distance data of the warning column and then acquiring a primary recognition result, (2) collecting video and image data according to the primary recognition result and then sending the data and positioning data of the warning column to a cloud platform for secondary recognition to obtain a monitoring result, (3) sending the monitoring result to a patrolling device, a monitoring platform and other field devices, and (4) patrolling according to an external damage monitoring result, detecting and sendingthe distance between the patrolling device and the warning column and patrolling device positioning data to the cloud platform and allowing the monitoring platform to generating a patrolling path according to the distance and the positioning data. The problems that existing external damage behaviors cannot be monitored and prevented and the inspection efficiency of external damage inspectors is low are solved, and the effects that manual intervention is conducted after external damage is intelligently recognized and the external damage monitoring efficiency is improved are achieved.