The invention discloses a method and a system for decoding flight recorder data based on an ARINC767 specification. The decoding method comprises the following steps of: acquiring all synchronous wordposition data of each flight segment contained in the flight recorder data; obtaining parameter information behind each synchronization word in the flight recorder data, matching the parameter information with the parameter group attributes contained in a decoding guidance file, and decoding the parameter information according to the matching result in combination with the parameter attributes contained in the decoding guidance file so as to obtain the parameter value of each parameter of each flight segment in the flight recorder data, wherein the decoding guidance file comprises parameter attributes and parameter group attributes of all parameters in the flight recorder data. The method and the system for decoding flight recorder data based on the ARINC767 specification can achieve accurate and efficient decoding for the flight recorder data based on the ARINC767 specification, and effectively utilize the related computing resources.