The invention provides a power grid operation behavior identification method and system. The power grid operation behavior identification method comprises the steps: acquiring offline video data of apower grid operation site and real-time monitoring video data of each to-be-monitored target; constructing an operation behavior recognition network model, and training the operation behavior recognition network model according to the offline video data to obtain a standard operation behavior recognition network model; and recognizing the real-time monitoring video data according to the standard operation behavior recognition network model, and generating a recognition result of each to-be-monitored target. Through the constructed operation behavior recognition network model, behavior recognition is carried out on a video monitored in real time, and the effectiveness of input data is ensured, and the accuracy of an algorithm for target recognition is improved, and violation behaviors of operating personnel in a relatively complex construction environment scene such as a power grid operation scene and the like are timely and effectively recognized and monitored.