The invention discloses a calcium carbonate processing and grinding device. The device comprises a grinding box, circulating grinding assemblies, a sieve plate, a sieve plate vibration assembly, a material collecting plate, a discharging pipe, a feeding funnel, a bearing and an inclined plate, wherein the inner walls of the two sides of the top end of the grinding box are provided with circulatinggrinding assemblies; grinding rollers are symmetrically mounted on the inner walls of the two sides of the top end of the grinding box; rotating shafts are fixed to the center of the outer walls of the two ends of the grinding rollers correspondingly in a welded mode, and the two ends of each rotating shaft are rotationally connected with the inner walls of the two sides of the grinding box; andone end of the grinding roller on one side of the grinding rollers penetrates through the external of the grinding box and is fixed to a transmission gear in a welded mode. According to the calcium carbonate processing and grinding device, the structure is relatively simple; in the grinding process, powders with larger particles are subjected to circulating grinding through the work of an induceddraft fan, so that the particle uniformity of the calcium carbonate powders in the later period is ensured; and the sieve plate vibration assembly on the sieve plate is arranged, so that reciprocatingmovement of the sieve plate is achieved, and the screening efficiency of the powders is improved.