The invention discloses a portable temperature calibration device. The portable temperature calibration device comprises a shell, and a circuit cavity is formed in the upper part of the shell; the middle position of the bottom surface of the circuit cavity is connected with the top of a semiconductor chilling plate; the bottom of the semiconductor chilling plate is connected with the inner side ofthe bottom of the shell; the circuit cavity and the semiconductor chilling plate enable the interior of the shell to be divided into two measuring cavities in the vertical direction; liquid water isinjected into the measuring cavity in advance; the top of each measuring cavity is provided with two openings which are spaced front and back, and a measuring sleeve is inserted into each opening; thelower part of each measuring sleeve is provided with a fixing clamp, and the fixing clamps are used for clamping a to-be-calibrated temperature sensor and a calibrated temperature sensor; and a plurality of circular holes are formed in the peripheral side wall of the lower part of each measuring sleeve at intervals. The portable temperature calibration device disclosed by the invention can directly calibrate the to-be-calibrated temperature sensor on an installation environment site, and does not need to be transported to the site to be installed after calibration in a laboratory or a factoryis completed.