The invention discloses a method and device for constructing a GIS equipment temperature rise characteristic simulation model, and the method comprises the steps: constructing an initial simulation model according to the law of conservation of mass, the law of conservation of momentum, the law of conservation of energy, a Maxwell equation set and GIS equipment characteristic parameters; acquiringtest data of GIS simulation test equipment, wherein the test data comprises first temperature rise data of an internal conductor of the GIS simulation test equipment and second temperature rise dataof a shell of the GIS simulation test equipment when the GIS simulation test equipment simulates the internal overheating defect of the GIS equipment under the actual working condition; and correctingthe GIS equipment simulation parameters of the initial simulation model according to the test data to obtain a GIS equipment temperature rise characteristic simulation model. According to the invention, the simulation model capable of accurately obtaining the temperature rise condition of the internal conductor of the GIS equipment can be constructed.