The invention relates to a new energy storage battery distributed control system, and belongs to the field of new energy storage systems. The system comprises a distributed three-layer management structure consisting of a top-layer energy storage system management unit (BAMS), a middle-layer battery cluster management unit and a plurality of bottom-layer battery management units (BMU), the middle-layer battery cluster management unit comprises a plurality of groups consisting of battery cluster management subunits (BCMU), wherein each group comprises two or more than two battery cluster management subunits (BCMUs), the distributed three-layer management structures are in CAN communication connection, and the battery cluster management subunits (BCMUs) in each group are in CAN communicationconnection. The BCMUs in each group are in communication connection, information sharing and exchange can be achieved, and all the BMUs in the group are cooperatively managed together, so that the whole system can still operate normally when the BCMUs in the group fail.