The invention discloses an implementation device of a privacy amplification algorithm based on FPGA + RISC-V, and relates to the field of data processing. The system comprises an RISC-V processor andan FPGA. RISC-V is used as a core processor; wherein the FPGA is mainly used for realizing a calculation task of a privacy amplification algorithm; the RISC-V realizes scheduling and management tasksof the algorithm; the PE control module of the FPGA starts the PE module according to an implementation instruction issued by the RISC-V processor; the number of the started PE modules is adjusted according to the resource consumption of the FPGA; all the opened PE modules form an integral PE module; the whole PE module performs multiplexing according to the issued implementation instruction to meet the requirements of a front-end data generation system; by utilizing the device, a privacy amplification algorithm can be realized, the flexibility is high, the algorithm speed can be adjusted according to equipment requirements, the device is applied to a quantum random number generator and QKD equipment in quantum communication, and high-speed data generation and transmission are facilitated.