The invention provides a voltage equalizing ring size and position determining method and device for a direct current resistance voltage divider. The method comprises the steps of: based on a pre-established direct current resistance voltage divider finite element simulation model, executing a first round of orthogonal test to simulate maximum electric field intensity around the direct current resistance voltage divider so as to obtain optimal inner ring radius size and position information of a main voltage equalizing ring and optimal inner ring radius size and position information of an auxiliary voltage equalizing ring, which correspond to the first round of orthogonal test; and based on the simulation model and the optimal size and position information corresponding to the first roundof orthogonal test, executing iterative orthogonal tests until obtaining corresponding optimal voltage equalizing ring sizes and positions when the simulated maximum electric field intensity around the direct current resistance voltage divider accords with a preset threshold, wherein the direct current resistance voltage divider finite element simulation model comprises the main voltage equalizingring and the auxiliary voltage equalizing ring. According to the technical scheme, accuracy and efficiency of determining the sizes and the positions of the voltage equalizing rings of the direct current resistance voltage divider are improved.