The invention discloses an automatic ash removing device of a coal conveying trestle rail-type inspection robot, comprising a mounting base, a universal connection assembly, an anti-deflection assembly and a brush assembly. The universal connection assembly is installed on the mounting base, and is used for being detachably and flexibly connected with a coal conveying trestle rail-type inspectionrobot body. The anti-deflection assembly comprises an upper clamping unit and a lower clamping unit, which cooperate with each other to elastically clamp the bottom edge of a rail to be cleaned to prevent deflection. The brush assembly comprises a mounting block and more than one brush unit, wherein the brush units are mounted on the mounting block, and the mounting block is elastically mounted onthe mounting base. The invention also discloses a coal conveying trestle rail-type inspection robot which comprises a robot body and the ash removing device, wherein the universal connection assemblyin the ash removing device is detachably and flexibly connected with the robot body. The ash removing device and the robot of the invention have the advantages of simple structure, smooth operation,good ash removing effect, and the like.