The invention provides copper oxide-manganese oxide supported sludge-based activated carbon as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of sludge-basedactivated carbon. The preparation method of the copper oxide-manganese oxide supported sludge-based activated carbon comprises the following steps: drying original sludge to a constant weight to obtain dried sludge; adding an activator solution into the dried sludge, performing uniform stirring, allowing the uniform solution to stand for impregnation, and drying the solid-liquid mixture to a constant weight to obtain activated sludge; according to designed loading amounts of a copper oxide and a manganese oxide, adding a thermally-decomposable oxygen-containing copper salt and oxygen-containing manganese salt into the obtained activated sludge, and performing uniform mixing to obtain a composite precursor; and performing carbonization on the obtained composite precursor by using an inert gas as a shielding gas to obtain a crude carbon material, washing the crude carbon material, and performing drying to obtain the copper oxide-manganese oxide supported sludge-based activated carbon. The activated carbon provided by the invention has a simple and quick preparation process, overcomes the shortcomings of a conventional preparation method of firstly preparing activated carbon and thenperforming load modification, and has a good treatment effect when applied to treatment of organic pollutants.