The invention discloses an optimized digital reactor protection system. The optimized digital reactor protection system comprises four redundant sequences, wherein each sequence comprises a signal isolation and distribution unit SIDU, a reactor trip function processing unit RTU, an engineered safety feature actuation function processing unit ESFU, an or logic unit and a priority selection unit PSU, wherein the reactor trip function processing units RTUs are used for acquiring signals from the signal isolation and distribution units SIDUs, and are used for outputting reactor trip signals to theor logic units; the engineered safety feature actuation function processing units ESFUs are used for acquiring signals from the signal isolation and distribution units SIDUs, generating engineered safety feature actuation signals, sending the engineered safety feature actuation signals to the priority selection units PSUs, and outputting reactor trip signals to the or logic units; and the or logic units are used for receiving the reactor trip signals output by the reactor trip function processing units RTUs and the reactor trip signals output by the engineered safety feature actuation function processing units ESFUs, and outputting results to reactor trip breakers after conducting or logic judgement.