The invention provides a charging module of mobile power supply leasing equipment and a data transmission method between the charging module and a mobile power supply. The charging module and the method are applicable to the field of mobile power supply leasing. The charging module of the mobile power leasing equipment comprises a control module, an RFID module, a communication thimble, at least one anode charging thimble and at least one cathode charging thimble, wherein the RFID module, the communication thimble, the anode charging thimbles and the cathode charging thimbles are separately electrically connected with the control module. The charging module reduces the condition of data transmission failure to a certain extent, and after the mobile power supply leasing equipment and the mobile power supply are improved, the mobile power supply leasing equipment and the mobile power supply can be compatible with old mobile power supply leasing equipment and old mobile power supplies sothat the old mobile power supplies can be used in the mobile power supply leasing equipment. The mobile power supply can be used in old mobile power supply leasing equipment and is economical, efficient and capable of reducing the cost and avoiding resource waste.