The invention discloses a preprocessing method based on an inspection image, and the method comprises: an image defogging algorithm which removes the impact on the image quality from a weather factor,and guarantees the original features of an image; an image segmentation algorithm which is used to obtain a condition area satisfying uniformity and connectivity, and extract an interested target ora meaningful area; an image denoising algorithm for removing a large amount of noise introduced in the imaging process and ensuring the original characteristics of the target object; an image enhancement algorithm, in whch image enhancement processing is used for optimizing the image quality, emphasizing the region of interest in the image and improving the readability of the image; and an image restoration algorithm which is used for processing the image which is degraded due to distortion, blurring, distortion or noise mixing to obtain a source image which is restored as much as possible. The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention is used for preprocessing the inspection image, improving the quality of the inspection image, highlighting the characteristics of the target object, facilitating the later intelligent recognition and classification, and greatly reducing the cost compared with a mode of processing only depending on manual discrimination.