The invention discloses an operation optimization method and device for a multi-energy system based on hydrogen energy and energy storage equipment. The system is composed of a fuel cell, an electrolytic cell, an absorption refrigerator, a waste heat recovery device, a photovoltaic power generation system, a solar water heater, a wind generating set, a hydrogen storage tank, a compressor, a hot water tank and a cold water tank. According to the operation optimization method, a scene tree method is adopted to solve the randomness problem; and according to predicted values and deviations of windpower, solar radiation intensity, power demand, cold demand and heat demand, expected scenes of wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, solar heat production and user electricity cold and heat demand are established, and mixed integer linear optimization is performed on the system by taking the minimum average operation cost under all scenes as a target so as to research the operation strategy of the system. In the optimization problem, the operation strategies of the fuel cell and the absorption refrigerator in all situations are kept the same, and the operation strategies of the electrolytic cell, the hydrogen storage tank, the hot water tank and the cold water tank in different situations are variable, so that the purpose of absorbing renewable energy sources is achieved.