The invention discloses a medium voltage large capacity hybrid DC circuit breaker. A quick breaking module, a primary transfer module, a secondary transfer module and an energy absorbing module are connected in parallel and are then connected in series with an isolation module, the quick breaking module and the isolation module are connected in series to carry a load current of a DC system in normal operation, and the isolation module is used for breaking the normal operation current. The current limiting breaking method is further disclosed, when a short-circuit fault occurs in a DC power system, an arc voltage generated by the quick breaking module makes the current flowing through the quick breaking module transfer to the primary transfer module, the primary transfer module automatically generates a relatively high arc voltage, the fault current is forced to quickly transfer to the secondary transfer module, and lastly, breaking is achieved. The medium voltage large capacity hybridDC circuit breaker is advantaged in that low long-term load loss is low, the current transfer speed of the high current breaking process can be greatly improved, the shutdown current of the secondarytransfer module is reduced, control of the liquid metal is not needed, and effective limitation on the fault current is achieved quickly and reliably.